Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones01:17

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox property is crucial in...
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
Compounds Essential to Human Function01:25

Compounds Essential to Human Function

The human body is composed of cells that are fundamentally made up of several different molecules. These molecules are essential to carry out all physiological processes in the body and are broadly classified into organic and inorganic based on their chemical structures.
Inorganic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
Inorganic compounds essential to human functioning include water, salts, acids, and bases. These compounds are inorganic, i.e., they do not have a carbon-hydrogen bond. Water...
Lipid-derived Compounds in the Human Body01:31

Lipid-derived Compounds in the Human Body

Fats and lipids are crucial components in the human body. Some lipid-derived compounds, such as fat-soluble vitamins, eicosanoids, lipoproteins, and glycolipids, also play unique roles to support various  biological processes .
Fat-soluble Vitamins
Fat-soluble vitamins, including vitamins A, D, E, and K, are required in minimal quantities, but their deficiencies can lead to severely abnormal physiological conditions. For example, vitamin A deficiency can cause night blindness, dry skin, delayed...
Aromatic Compounds: Overview01:25

Aromatic Compounds: Overview

In general, the term ‘aromatic’ indicates a pleasant smell or fragrance from fresh flowers, freshly prepared coffee, etc. In the early history of organic chemistry, many benzene derivatives were isolated from the pleasant odor oils of the plants. For example, vanillin was isolated from the oil of vanilla, methyl salicylate from the oil of wintergreen, and cinnamaldehyde from the oil of cinnamon. They all had a pleasant odor; hence the name aromatic was given.
In 1825, Faraday isolated benzene...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The transcriptional mechanism behind Mimosa pudica leaf folding in response to mechanical disturbance.

Planta·2025
Same author

Microplastics in the Soil at Sub-Toxic Concentrations Cause Metabolic Changes Decreasing Fungal Pathogen Susceptibility in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Physiologia plantarum·2025
Same author

Antioxidants by nature: an ancient feature at the heart of flavonoids' multifunctionality.

The New phytologist·2024
Same author

Dehydration and rehydration differently affect photosynthesis and volatile monoterpenes in bryophytes with contrasting ecological traits.

Physiologia plantarum·2024
Same author

Interaction with the entomopathogenic fungus <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> influences tomato phenome and promotes resistance to <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> infection.

Frontiers in plant science·2024
Same author

Isoprene-Emitting Tobacco Plants Are Less Affected by Moderate Water Deficit under Future Climate Change Scenario and Show Adjustments of Stress-Related Proteins in Actual Climate.

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Biosynthesis of a Flavonol from a Flavanone by Establishing a One-pot Bienzymatic Cascade
09:50

Biosynthesis of a Flavonol from a Flavanone by Establishing a One-pot Bienzymatic Cascade

Published on: August 14, 2019

Flavonols: old compounds for old roles.

Susanna Pollastri1, Massimiliano Tattini

  • 1Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Vegetali, del Suolo e dell'Ambiente Agroforestale, Sezione Coltivazioni Arboree, Università di Firenze, Viale delle Idee 30, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.

Annals of Botany
|September 2, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Flavonols, ancient plant compounds, regulate development and stress responses. Despite low UV absorption, they maintain cellular homeostasis and control plant growth, retaining these crucial roles today.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 29, 2026

Biosynthesis of a Flavonol from a Flavanone by Establishing a One-pot Bienzymatic Cascade
09:50

Biosynthesis of a Flavonol from a Flavanone by Establishing a One-pot Bienzymatic Cascade

Published on: August 14, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Flavonoids, including flavonols, are increasingly recognized for their roles as developmental regulators and signaling molecules in eukaryotes.
  • In plants, flavonols are a conserved class of flavonoids with ancient roles, with genes for their biosynthesis found in early land plants like mosses and liverworts.
  • The flavonol biosynthesis pathway has remained largely intact, highlighting its critical and consistent involvement in plant stress responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the emerging functional roles of flavonoids, specifically flavonols, in contemporary plant stress responses.
  • To connect these modern functions to their proposed primary roles during the initial colonization of land by plants.
  • To emphasize the regulatory capabilities of flavonols in maintaining cellular homeostasis and influencing plant development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and authoritative views on plant stress responses and flavonoid functions.
  • Analysis of the spectral properties of flavonols in relation to UV absorption compared to other secondary metabolites.
  • Discussion of findings from genomic, chromatography/mass spectrometry, and fluorescence microimaging techniques.

Main Results:

  • Flavonols exhibit significant potential in controlling stress-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis.
  • They play a key role in regulating the development of both individual plant organs and the entire organism.
  • Even very low concentrations of flavonols, as likely present in early terrestrial plants, are sufficient for these regulatory functions.

Conclusions:

  • Modern techniques have illuminated the regulation and distribution of stress-responsive flavonols, offering new insights into their functions.
  • These findings support the hypothesis that flavonols played diverse roles during plant land colonization.
  • The study concludes that this ancient class of flavonoids continues to fulfill essential functions in present-day plants.