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Related Concept Videos

Socioemotional Development during Infancy01:30

Socioemotional Development during Infancy

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Socio-emotional development in infancy is primarily shaped by early emotional responses and social connections, with temperament playing a central role. Temperament refers to the consistent patterns in an individual's emotional and behavioral responses, observable even in infancy. By examining temperament, researchers can better understand an infant's unique ways of interacting with the world, influencing subsequent personality and socio-emotional growth.
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Atomic Mass01:52

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Atoms — and the protons, neutrons, and electrons that compose them — are extremely small. For example, a carbon atom weighs less than 2 × 10−23 g. When describing the properties of tiny objects such as atoms, we use appropriately small units of measure, such as the atomic mass unit (amu). The amu was originally defined based on hydrogen, the lightest element, then later in terms of oxygen. Since 1961, it has been defined with regard to the most abundant isotope of carbon, atoms of which...
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Molar Mass01:54

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The identity of a substance is defined not only by the types of atoms or ions it contains but by the quantity of each type of atom or ion. For example, water, H2O, and hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, are alike in that their respective molecules are composed of hydrogen and oxygen atoms. However, because a hydrogen peroxide molecule contains two oxygen atoms, as opposed to the water molecule, which has only one, the two substances exhibit very different properties.
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All bones comprise an outer layer of compact bone, and an interior made up of spongy bone tissue, also called cancellous or trabecular bone. In long bones, spongy bone tissue is mainly found in the interior of the epiphyses (broad ends of the bone).
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Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
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[Bone mass accrual during infancy].

Hiroyuki Tanaka1

  • 1Department of pediatrics, Okayama Saiseikai General Hospital, Japan.

Clinical Calcium
|September 2, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Infant bone mass is crucial for lifelong skeletal health and osteoporosis prevention. Key factors influencing bone accrual include third-trimester growth, nutrition (vitamin D, calcium), and endocrine factors like estrogen.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Endocrinology
  • Nutrition Science

Context:

  • Infantile bone mass is a significant predictor of adult bone density.
  • Low bone mass in infancy is a potential risk factor for developing osteoporosis later in life.
  • Bone mass accrual during infancy is influenced by perinatal conditions, nutrition, and endocrine factors.

Purpose:

  • To highlight the critical role of infant growth, particularly during the third trimester of pregnancy, in determining long-term bone health.
  • To emphasize the importance of key nutritional factors, vitamin D and calcium, for bone mass development in infants.
  • To explore the influence of endocrine factors, including estrogen, on infant bone health.

Summary:

  • Infant bone mass is closely linked to adult bone mass, with low infantile bone mass being a risk factor for osteoporosis.

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  • Third-trimester fetal growth is a critical determinant of lifelong bone health.
  • Adequate intake of vitamin D and calcium, alongside hormonal influences like estrogen, plays a vital role in infant bone accrual.

    • Impact:

    • Understanding these factors can inform strategies for optimizing infant nutrition and growth to promote peak bone mass.
    • Early identification and intervention for factors affecting infant bone development may reduce the future burden of osteoporosis.
    • This research underscores the importance of prenatal and early postnatal care for establishing a foundation for skeletal health throughout life.