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Updated: May 29, 2026

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An update on brain death criteria: a simple algorithm with complex questions.

Patricia D Scripko1, David M Greer

  • 1Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.

The Neurologist
|September 2, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Brain death criteria, based on coma, brainstem areflexia, and apnea, remain consistent. The 2010 update by the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) supports 1995 guidelines and advises caution with unvalidated technologies for diagnosing brain death.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Medical Ethics
  • Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Brain death criteria historically rely on coma, brainstem areflexia, and apnea.
  • The American Academy of Neurology (AAN) established detailed criteria in 1995.
  • Questions persisted regarding brain death diagnosis 15 years after the 1995 guidelines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address outstanding questions concerning the diagnosis of brain death.
  • To review and update practice parameters for brain death determination.
  • To evaluate the utility of existing and emerging diagnostic technologies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and clinical practice standards.
  • Analysis of data by the AAN Quality Standards Subcommittee.

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Last Updated: May 29, 2026

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  • Discussion of the 2010 Practice Parameter Update.

    • Main Results:

    • The 1995 AAN criteria for brain death diagnosis were supported by new evidence.
    • Caution was advised regarding the premature adoption of new technologies.
    • The review reaffirms the established cardinal features of brain death.

    Conclusions:

    • The established criteria for brain death remain valid and effective.
    • Further validation is necessary before implementing novel diagnostic technologies.
    • The AAN guidelines provide a robust framework for brain death determination.