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Related Concept Videos

Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists01:14

Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists

Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
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A Model of Epileptogenesis in Rhinal Cortex-Hippocampus Organotypic Slice Cultures
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Published on: March 18, 2021

Refractory epilepsy associated with microglial activation.

Souhel Najjar1, Daniel Pearlman, Douglas C Miller

  • 1Department of Neurology, NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, USA. mna1024231@aol.com

The Neurologist
|September 2, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microglial activation and proliferation (MAP) is common in epilepsy tissue and may drive chronic seizures. Immunomodulatory therapy showed promise in a severe case, suggesting a potential new treatment avenue for epilepsy.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pathology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Experimental and clinical studies suggest microglial activation and proliferation (MAP) plays a role in epileptogenesis.
  • Microglia are the primary immune cells of the central nervous system.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence and severity of MAP in surgically treated epilepsy patients.
  • To investigate the relationship between MAP and underlying abnormalities in epilepsy.
  • To assess the efficacy of immunomodulatory therapy in a patient with severe MAP.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of histopathological sections from 92 epilepsy cases.
  • Exclusion of 227 cases with coexisting disorders that could cause MAP.
  • Comparison of MAP severity with underlying abnormalities and assessment of treatment response.

Main Results:

  • MAP was detected in 50% of epilepsy tissue samples.
  • MAP prevalence and severity were independent of underlying abnormalities.
  • A single patient with severe MAP experienced over 90% seizure reduction with immunomodulatory therapy.

Conclusions:

  • MAP is prevalent in resected human epilepsy tissue and may contribute to chronic neuronal hyperexcitability.
  • MAP may initiate a cycle of inflammation-induced seizures and seizure-induced inflammation.
  • Microglia-driven epilepsy may be a primary pathogenic process in some cases and contribute to epileptogenesis in many others.