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Oral antimicrobial agents--chlorhexidine.

G A Ferretti¹, A T Brown, T P Raybould

¹Department of Oral Health Practice, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington.

NCI Monographs : a Publication of the National Cancer Institute

|January 1, 1990

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Chlorhexidine mouthwash effectively reduced stomatitis and plaque in chemotherapy patients. It also decreased streptococci and yeast, but not in radiation therapy patients, with no observed adverse effects.

Area of Science:

Oral Medicine
Oncology
Pharmacology

Background:

Chlorhexidine (CHX) possesses antimicrobial properties beneficial for oral health.
Neoplasia patients undergoing intensive chemotherapy often experience oral complications like stomatitis.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the efficacy of chlorhexidine in managing oral stomatitis in cancer patients.
To assess the impact of chlorhexidine on microbial counts and candidiasis incidence.

Main Methods:

Review of studies on chlorhexidine use in neoplasia patients undergoing chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
Analysis of effects on oral soft tissue inflammation, ulceration, plaque, gingivitis, and microbial populations.

Main Results:

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Chlorhexidine significantly reduced stomatitis, inflammation, and ulceration in chemotherapy patients.

Reductions in streptococci and yeast counts were observed; combined with antifungals, it decreased candidiasis and Candida septicemia.

No stomatitis reduction was seen in head and neck radiation patients. Oral gram-negative bacilli increased in chemotherapy patients, but without adverse events.

Conclusions:

Chlorhexidine is therapeutically beneficial for reducing plaque, gingivitis, and stomatitis in high-risk chemotherapy patients, especially with concurrent antimicrobial therapy.
Further research is needed to evaluate long-term chlorhexidine administration effects.