Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 29, 2026

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Self-distancing in Young Children
Published on: March 1, 2019
Developing relationships, being cool, and not looking like a loser: social goal orientation predicts children's
Karen D Rudolph1, Jamie L Abaied, Megan Flynn
1University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Department of Psychology, Champaign, IL 61820, USA. krudolph@illinois.edu
Abstract:
This research explored the contribution of social goal orientation, specifically, development (improving social skills and relationships), demonstration-approach (gaining positive judgments), and demonstration-avoidance (minimizing negative judgments). Children (N = 373; M age = 7.97, SD = .34) were followed from 2nd to 3rd grades. Validity of the social goal orientation construct was established through correlations with situation-specific goals and social adjustment. Development goals predicted adaptive responses (more effortful engagement, problem solving, advice seeking; fewer involuntary responses); demonstration goals predicted maladaptive responses (less effortful engagement, problem solving; more disengagement, retaliation). This study contributes to theoretical understanding of the process of peer aggression and interventions to promote optimal social health.
Related Concept Videos
Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification
Social Foundations of Self II: The Generalized Other
Relationship with Other Adult Family Members and Siblings
Influence of Parents and Peers on Identity
Parental Influence on Identity Development
Parents serve as primary guides and managers in an adolescent's life, offering support instrumental in decision-making and personal growth. This guiding role...
Bullying
Secondary Motives: Affiliation Motivation and Aggression Motivation

