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Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing, relapsing inflammation of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible damage to the gland. It results in progressive destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma, fibrosis, and eventual loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. The disease may evolve gradually after multiple episodes of acute pancreatitis or develop independently.EtiologyChronic pancreatitis can arise from a variety of causes:Alcohol use is the leading cause, accounting for 70–80% of...

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive and irreversible inflammation of the pancreas, most often caused by long-term alcohol abuse, but it can also be related to ductal obstruction, smoking, or genetic factors.Chronic pancreatitis occurs when the pancreas is repeatedly exposed to harmful agents like alcohol, smoking, ductal obstruction, or genetic predisposition. These factors lead to the release of toxic metabolites and inflammatory cytokines, sustaining chronic inflammation in the pancreatic...

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute pancreatitis is the sudden inflammation of the pancreas caused by the early activation of digestive enzymes, leading to the autodigestion of pancreatic tissue. This results in local inflammation and, in severe cases, systemic complications.EtiologyUnderstanding the underlying causes is crucial, as identifying the etiology guides treatment and anticipates complications. Acute pancreatitis can be triggered by various factors, typically grouped into the following clinical categories.Biliary...

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, an organ located behind the stomach. It can be either acute or chronic.
Acute pancreatitis is characterized by rapid inflammation of the pancreas, often caused by factors like gallstone blockage or excessive alcohol consumption. Chronic pancreatitis, on the other hand, is a slow, progressive inflammation that may result from long-term alcohol abuse, obstructions in the pancreatic duct, or genetic factors.
The causes of acute pancreatitis include:

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

A Simple and Rapid Method for Simultaneous Isolation of Primary Islets and Primary Pancreatic Acinar Cells from Mice

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Autoimmune pancreatitis.

Aravind Sugumar¹, Suresh T Chari

¹Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.

Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology

|September 3, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a rare chronic pancreatitis subtype with unique clinical, biochemical, and radiological features. Recognizing AIP is crucial for differentiating it from pancreatic cancer and initiating effective steroid therapy.

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Last Updated: May 29, 2026

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Published on: January 9, 2026

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Preparation of Mouse Pituitary Immunogen for the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis

Preparation of Mouse Pituitary Immunogen for the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis

Published on: December 17, 2010

Area of Science:

Gastroenterology
Immunology
Oncology

Background:

Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a rare, evolving condition.
It presents as chronic pancreatitis with obstructive jaundice, distinctive histology, and steroid sensitivity.
AIP encompasses two subtypes: Type 1 (associated with IgG4-related disease) and Type 2 (associated with inflammatory bowel disease).

Purpose of the Study:

To provide clinicians with a concise overview of current knowledge on autoimmune pancreatitis.
To discuss diagnostic criteria, differentiation from pancreatic cancer, and management strategies.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on autoimmune pancreatitis.
Analysis of diagnostic criteria and clinical presentation.
Discussion of management approaches and algorithms.

Main Results:

AIP has distinct clinical, biochemical, and radiological profiles.
Type 1 AIP is linked to IgG4-related systemic disease.
Type 2 AIP is associated with inflammatory bowel disease, often requiring pancreatic histology for diagnosis.

Conclusions:

Autoimmune pancreatitis requires careful differentiation from pancreatic cancer.
Established criteria and algorithms aid in AIP diagnosis and management.
Steroid therapy is a key treatment modality for AIP.