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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

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Related Experiment Video

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Stereotactic Adoptive Transfer of Cytotoxic Immune Cells in Murine Models of Orthotopic Human Glioblastoma Multiforme Xenografts
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Immunotherapy in human glioblastoma.

A T Szabo1, A F Carpentier

  • 1Service de neurologie, hôpital Avicenne, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 125 route de Stalingrad, Bobigny, France.

Revue Neurologique
|September 3, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Glioblastoma patients mount immune responses, but tumors evade them. Immunotherapies show promise, yet large trials are needed to confirm the effectiveness of cancer vaccines for brain tumors.

Area of Science:

  • Neuro-oncology
  • Immunology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Glioblastoma patients exhibit spontaneous anti-tumor immune responses.
  • Tumors develop immune evasion mechanisms, hindering anti-tumor immunity.
  • Existing immunotherapies like cell infusions and cancer vaccines have induced some anti-tumor immunity and responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current landscape of immunotherapies for glioblastoma.
  • To highlight recent advancements in targeting immune tolerance mechanisms.
  • To emphasize the need for further clinical validation of cancer vaccines in brain tumors.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical trials and research on glioblastoma immunotherapy.
  • Analysis of immune evasion strategies employed by glioblastoma.

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  • Evaluation of data from active immunotherapy approaches, including cell-based and vaccine strategies.

    • Main Results:

    • Spontaneous anti-tumor immunity is observed in glioblastoma patients.
    • Various immune evasion mechanisms are employed by the tumor.
    • Clinical trials have demonstrated the induction of anti-tumor immunity and radiological responses with certain immunotherapies.
    • Emerging strategies targeting immune tolerance show promise, with ongoing investigations in gliomas.

    Conclusions:

    • While glioblastoma can elicit immune responses, effective tumor evasion necessitates advanced therapeutic strategies.
    • Immunotherapies, including activated immune cell infusions and cancer vaccines, have shown potential but require further rigorous evaluation.
    • Large-scale randomized trials are essential to establish the definitive role and efficacy of cancer vaccines in treating brain tumors.