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Related Concept Videos

Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction01:28

Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction

DefinitionTraumatic brain injury, or TBI, is a disturbance of normal brain function induced by an external mechanical force, such as a direct blow to the head or a penetrating injury. It can affect both brain structure and function, producing a wide range of clinical outcomes. TBI is a heterogeneous condition, meaning its effects may differ based on the type, location, and severity of the injury.Basis of ClassificationTBI is classified based on severity, injury mechanism, or pathophysiology. In...
Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...
Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction01:14

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...
Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction01:26

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary, focal reduction in cerebral blood flow. Although symptoms resemble those of an ischemic stroke, the interruption in perfusion is short-lived and does not cause permanent infarction. TIAs are clinically important because they often serve as early warning events for future stroke.Mechanisms of Transient Cerebral IschemiaTransient cerebral ischemia may arise through several mechanisms. One...
Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology01:14

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology

Spinal cord injury progresses through two interconnected phases: primary injury and secondary injury.Primary InjuryPrimary injury happens at the moment of trauma and involves immediate mechanical damage to the spinal cord.Compression happens when broken vertebrae, herniated discs, or accumulating blood (such as a hematoma) press directly against the spinal cord, distorting its normal shape and function. In cases of contusion, the cord is bruised by a blunt force (like penetrating injuries or...

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Updated: May 29, 2026

Controlled Cortical Impact Model for Traumatic Brain Injury
05:30

Controlled Cortical Impact Model for Traumatic Brain Injury

Published on: August 5, 2014

Bitemporal compression injury to the head.

Fatimah Lateef1

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine and Trauma, Singapore General Hospital, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.

Journal of Emergencies, Trauma, and Shock
|September 3, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Accidental head crush injuries are rare, often resulting from severe force between hard surfaces. This case highlights a unique instance of bitemporal and facial compression injury in a young woman.

Keywords:
Bitemporal compression injurysubconjunctival hemorrhagetraumatic brain injuries

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Assessing Changes in Synaptic Plasticity Using an Awake Closed-Head Injury Model of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
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Area of Science:

  • Traumatology
  • Emergency Medicine
  • Neurosurgery

Background:

  • Cranio-cerebral injuries typically result from acceleration-deceleration or direct impact.
  • Head compression or crush injuries are less frequently encountered in emergency settings.
  • Understanding injury mechanisms is crucial for effective emergency department management.

Observation:

  • A case study involving a young female patient with an accidental cranio-cerebral injury is presented.
  • The injury mechanism involved significant bitemporal and facial compression.
  • This type of injury is characterized by force applied between two heavy objects or hard surfaces.

Findings:

  • The patient sustained a rare form of head trauma due to compression.
  • The injury affected the bitemporal and facial regions of the skull.
  • Detailed description of the clinical presentation and diagnostic findings for this uncommon injury pattern.

Implications:

  • Highlights the importance of considering crush mechanisms in head injury evaluations.
  • Contributes to the limited literature on cranio-cerebral compression injuries.
  • Informs emergency department protocols for managing unusual traumatic brain injuries.