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Related Concept Videos

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the surface of...
Hydrogen Bonds00:26

Hydrogen Bonds

Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between atoms that have formed other chemical bonds. One of these atoms is electronegative, like oxygen, and has a partial negative charge. The other is a hydrogen atom that has bonded with another electronegative atom and has a partial positive charge.
Hydrogen Bonds Control the World!
Because hydrogen has very weak electronegativity when it binds with a strongly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen, electrons in the bond are unequally shared.
Hydrogen Bonds01:04

Hydrogen Bonds

A hydrogen bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example, the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another electronegative atom from another polar molecule, such as water (H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF), or ammonia (NH3). The huge electronegativity difference between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom...
Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
Batteries and Fuel Cells03:12

Batteries and Fuel Cells

A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II03:35

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II

sp3d and sp3d 2 Hybridization

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Updated: May 29, 2026

A Simple, Low-cost, and Robust System to Measure the Volume of Hydrogen Evolved by Chemical Reactions with Aqueous Solutions
06:32

A Simple, Low-cost, and Robust System to Measure the Volume of Hydrogen Evolved by Chemical Reactions with Aqueous Solutions

Published on: August 17, 2016

A multifaceted approach to hydrogen storage.

Andrew J Churchard1, Ewa Banach, Andreas Borgschulte

  • 1Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computational Modelling, The University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 5a, 02106 Warsaw, Poland. achurch@icm.edu.pl

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|September 3, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Storing hydrogen for light vehicles is challenging. This review explores solid chemical storage methods, including alanates, borohydrides, and metal ammines, to advance hydrogen energy applications.

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Quantification of Hydrogen Concentrations in Surface and Interface Layers and Bulk Materials through Depth Profiling with Nuclear Reaction Analysis

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Last Updated: May 29, 2026

A Simple, Low-cost, and Robust System to Measure the Volume of Hydrogen Evolved by Chemical Reactions with Aqueous Solutions
06:32

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Quantification of Hydrogen Concentrations in Surface and Interface Layers and Bulk Materials through Depth Profiling with Nuclear Reaction Analysis
14:11

Quantification of Hydrogen Concentrations in Surface and Interface Layers and Bulk Materials through Depth Profiling with Nuclear Reaction Analysis

Published on: March 29, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Widespread adoption of hydrogen as an energy carrier faces significant challenges, primarily in onboard storage for light vehicles.
  • Overcoming these storage hurdles is crucial for realizing the benefits of hydrogen energy.
  • The HYDROGEN research network aimed to address these challenges through a multi-faceted approach.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a concise overview of hydrogen storage approaches for a general audience.
  • To conduct in-depth reviews of recent research in solid chemical hydrogen storage.
  • To serve as an entry point for readers interested in diverse hydrogen storage topics.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent research within the HYDROGEN network.
  • Detailed examination of solid chemical storage mechanisms.
  • Analysis of catalytic processes and material kinetics.

Main Results:

  • Exploration of Ti catalysis mechanisms in alanates.
  • Assessment of borohydride kinetics and limitations.
  • Investigation of novel catalysts for complex hydrides.
  • Review of less common borohydrides, protic-hydridic stores, and metal ammines.
  • Discussion of novel approaches in nano-confined metal hydrides.

Conclusions:

  • Solid chemical storage offers promising avenues for onboard hydrogen storage.
  • Further research into catalytic mechanisms, kinetics, and novel materials is essential.
  • Advancements in areas like alanates, borohydrides, and nano-confined hydrides are key to enabling hydrogen energy.