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Related Concept Videos

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Benefits of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in an Asynchronous Heart Failure Model Induced by Left Bundle Branch Ablation and Rapid Pacing
12:45

Benefits of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in an Asynchronous Heart Failure Model Induced by Left Bundle Branch Ablation and Rapid Pacing

Published on: December 11, 2017

Effect of cardiac resynchronization therapy on thyroid function.

Umut Celikyurt1, Aysen Agacdiken, Bilal Geyik

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Kocaeli University Medical Faculty, Kocaeli, Turkey. ycelikyurt@gmail.com

Clinical Cardiology
|September 3, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) significantly improves thyroid function in heart failure patients, specifically increasing free triiodothyronine (fT3) levels and the fT3/fT4 ratio, aiding reverse remodeling.

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Last Updated: May 29, 2026

Benefits of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in an Asynchronous Heart Failure Model Induced by Left Bundle Branch Ablation and Rapid Pacing
12:45

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Published on: December 11, 2017

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Published on: April 11, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Medical Technology

Background:

  • Heart failure patients often exhibit thyroid dysfunction.
  • Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is a key treatment for advanced chronic heart failure.
  • Investigating CRT's impact on thyroid function is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if CRT influences thyroid function in heart failure patients.
  • To assess changes in thyroid hormone levels post-CRT.

Main Methods:

  • Fifty-seven heart failure patients undergoing CRT were studied.
  • Thyroid hormone levels and echocardiographic parameters were measured pre- and post-CRT.
  • Reverse remodeling was defined as a ≥15% increase in left ventricular ejection fraction.

Main Results:

  • Patients with reverse remodeling showed significant clinical improvement (NYHA class reduction).
  • Free triiodothyronine (fT3) levels increased significantly in the reverse remodeling group (P=0.005).
  • The fT3/fT4 ratio also significantly increased (P=0.006) in this group.

Conclusions:

  • CRT positively impacts thyroid function, specifically fT3 levels and the fT3/fT4 ratio.
  • These thyroid function improvements may contribute to reverse remodeling in heart failure.
  • CRT offers a potential therapeutic benefit by modulating thyroid hormones.