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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Functional Groups02:08

Introduction to Functional Groups


Functional groups are group of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups are found along the carbon backbone of macromolecules can form chains or rings of carbon atoms. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.
Types of common functional groups
The table below summarizes some of the major functional groups in organic chemistry. (The...
Pericyclic Reactions: Introduction01:17

Pericyclic Reactions: Introduction

Pericyclic reactions are organic reactions that occur via a concerted mechanism without generating any intermediates. The reactions proceed through the movement of electrons in a closed loop to form a cyclic transition state, where rearrangement of the σ and π bonds yields specific products.
Pericyclic reactions can be classified into three categories: electrocyclic reactions, cycloaddition reactions, and sigmatropic rearrangements. Electrocyclic reactions and sigmatropic rearrangements are...
Radical Reactivity: Steric Effects01:10

Radical Reactivity: Steric Effects

The presence of electron-donating, electron-withdrawing, or conjugating groups adjacent to a radical center, imparts electronic stabilization to the radicals. Examples of such electronically-stabilized radicals are triphenylmethyl, tetramethylpiperidine‐N‐oxide, and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl. These radicals are remarkably stable and are known as persistent radicals. Some of the persistent radicals can even be isolated and purified.
Along with electronic factors, steric factors also account...
Targets for Drug Action: Overview01:26

Targets for Drug Action: Overview

Drugs target macromolecules to modify ongoing cellular processes. Primary drug targets include receptors, ion channels, transporters, and enzymes.
Receptors are either membrane-spanning or intracellular proteins, which upon binding a ligand, get activated and transmit the signal downstream to elicit a response. Drugs bind receptors, either mimicking the action of endogenous ligands or blocking the receptor activity to bring about a modified response. Nearly 35% of approved drugs target the G...
Signal Transduction: Overview01:26

Signal Transduction: Overview

Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. They respond to chemical signals, such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and other signaling molecules, initiating a series of molecular reactions to produce an appropriate response. This is called signal transduction. Cells also coordinate different responses elicited by the same signaling molecule via mediators, allowing molecular cross-talk.
Typically, signal transduction involves three...
Overview of Advanced Functional Groups02:22

Overview of Advanced Functional Groups


Functional groups are groups of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and are sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.
Types of Advanced Functional Groups
The table below summarizes some of the major functional groups in organic chemistry.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Design, Synthesis, and Photochemical Properties of Clickable Caged Compounds
09:44

Design, Synthesis, and Photochemical Properties of Clickable Caged Compounds

Published on: October 15, 2019

Steroid/triterpenoid functional molecules based on "click chemistry".

J Hu1, J R Lu, Y Ju

  • 1Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.

Chemistry, an Asian Journal
|September 3, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Steroids and triterpenoids are used as building blocks to create new functional molecules using the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) click reaction for applications in bioactivity and molecular assembly.

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Area of Science:

  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Organic Synthesis
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Steroids and triterpenoids are versatile natural products with complex structures.
  • The copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) is a highly efficient and reliable "click" reaction.
  • Developing novel functional molecules from natural scaffolds is of significant interest.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the design and synthesis of functional molecules derived from steroid/triterpenoid scaffolds.
  • To explore the applications of these molecules in bioactivity, recognition, and assembly.
  • To highlight the utility of the CuAAC "click" reaction in this field.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing steroid/triterpenoid frameworks as core structures.
  • Employing copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) for molecular construction.
  • Functionalization through "click" chemistry to introduce desired properties.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of diverse functional molecules based on steroid/triterpenoid backbones.
  • Demonstration of applications in areas such as biological activity modulation, molecular recognition, and self-assembly.
  • Validation of the CuAAC reaction as a powerful tool for creating these complex molecules.

Conclusions:

  • The CuAAC "click" reaction provides a robust platform for developing novel functional molecules from steroid and triterpenoid building blocks.
  • This approach enables the creation of molecules with tailored properties for various applications.
  • The strategy holds significant promise for future advancements in medicinal chemistry and materials science.