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Related Concept Videos

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel Disease...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Glucocorticoids01:21

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Glucocorticoids

Glucocorticoids, a class of anti-inflammatory drugs, are pivotal in treating moderate to severe Crohn's disease by inducing remission. They exhibit their anti-inflammatory action by inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1, and chemokines like IL-8. In addition, they reduce the expression of inflammatory cell adhesion molecules and inhibit gene transcription of nitric oxide synthase, phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2),...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses a challenge in...

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Quantification of the Immunosuppressant Tacrolimus on Dried Blood Spots Using LC-MS/MS
08:38

Quantification of the Immunosuppressant Tacrolimus on Dried Blood Spots Using LC-MS/MS

Published on: November 8, 2015

Immunosuppressive therapy in children.

Rajniti Prasad1, Utpal Kant Singh, Roopali Mittal

  • 1Department of Paediatrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, BHU, Varanasi 221005.

Journal of the Indian Medical Association
|September 6, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric autoimmune disease treatments are advancing. While corticosteroids and azathioprine are common, newer immunosuppressants offer alternatives for patients with intolerance or incomplete responses to standard therapies.

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In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of T, B and Myeloid Cells Suppressive Activity and Humoral Responses from Transplant Recipients
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In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of T, B and Myeloid Cells Suppressive Activity and Humoral Responses from Transplant Recipients

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Last Updated: May 29, 2026

Quantification of the Immunosuppressant Tacrolimus on Dried Blood Spots Using LC-MS/MS
08:38

Quantification of the Immunosuppressant Tacrolimus on Dried Blood Spots Using LC-MS/MS

Published on: November 8, 2015

In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of T, B and Myeloid Cells Suppressive Activity and Humoral Responses from Transplant Recipients
18:48

In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of T, B and Myeloid Cells Suppressive Activity and Humoral Responses from Transplant Recipients

Published on: August 12, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Rheumatology
  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Autoimmune diseases in children require evolving treatment strategies.
  • Current standard therapies like corticosteroids and azathioprine are effective for many but not all patients.
  • Challenges include patient intolerance and incomplete therapeutic responses to established treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current and emerging treatment options for pediatric autoimmune disorders.
  • To highlight the role of newer immunosuppressive agents in managing complex cases.
  • To provide an overview of available therapeutic strategies for pediatric rheumatologists and immunologists.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical studies and therapeutic guidelines.
  • Analysis of treatment outcomes for various immunosuppressive agents in pediatric populations.
  • Synthesis of data on efficacy, safety, and tolerability profiles of novel therapies.

Main Results:

  • Corticosteroids and azathioprine remain primary treatments for most pediatric autoimmune diseases.
  • Newer agents such as mycophenolate mofetil, calcineurin inhibitors (cyclosporine, tacrolimus), mTOR inhibitors (sirolimus), and biologics show promise.
  • These advanced therapies are valuable for patients refractory to or intolerant of conventional treatments.

Conclusions:

  • The therapeutic landscape for pediatric autoimmune diseases is expanding with novel immunosuppressants.
  • While not yet first-line, these newer agents are crucial for optimizing care in non-responders or intolerant individuals.
  • Further research is needed to establish long-term efficacy and safety in larger pediatric cohorts.