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Related Concept Videos

Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration01:27

Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration

Calcium is an essential signaling molecule required for various cellular functions. Calcium pumps and ion channels on cell and organellar membranes, such as those on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), regulate calcium concentrations inside the cell. They remain closed, keeping the cytosolic calcium levels low at a resting state.
Various transmembrane receptors, such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), elicit a response to extracellular signals by increasing cytosolic calcium. Activated GPCRs...
Voltage-gated Ion Channels01:26

Voltage-gated Ion Channels

Voltage-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that open and close in response to changes in the membrane potential. They are present on the membranes of all electrically excitable cells such as neurons, heart, and muscle cells.
Generally, all voltage-gated ion channels have a 'voltage-sensing domain' that spans the lipid bilayer. The charged residues in the sensor move in response to the membrane potential changes that open the channel allowing ions movement. There are several types of...
Voltage-gated Ion Channels01:26

Voltage-gated Ion Channels

Voltage-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that open and close in response to changes in the membrane potential. They are present on the membranes of all electrically excitable cells such as neurons, heart, and muscle cells.
Generally, all voltage-gated ion channels have a 'voltage-sensing domain' that spans the lipid bilayer. The charged residues in the sensor move in response to the membrane potential changes that open the channel allowing ions movement. There are several types of...
Non-gated Ion Channels01:24

Non-gated Ion Channels

Ion channels are specialized proteins on the plasma membrane that allow charged ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient. Their main function is to maintain the membrane potential which is critical for cell viability. These channels are either gated or non-gated and can transport more than a thousand ions within milliseconds for the cellular event to occur.
Compared to the gated ion channels, the non-gated channels, also known as leakage or passive channels, have no gating mechanism.
Non-gated Ion Channels01:24

Non-gated Ion Channels

Ion channels are specialized proteins on the plasma membrane that allow charged ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient. Their main function is to maintain the membrane potential which is critical for cell viability. These channels are either gated or non-gated and can transport more than a thousand ions within milliseconds for the cellular event to occur.
Compared to the gated ion channels, the non-gated channels, also known as leakage or passive channels, have no gating mechanism.
The Role of Ion Channels in Neuronal Computation01:19

The Role of Ion Channels in Neuronal Computation

A postsynaptic neuron usually receives numerous impulses from several other presynaptic neurons. The axon hillock of the postsynaptic neuron integrates all these signals and determines the likelihood of firing an action potential.
Sometimes a single EPSP is strong enough to induce an action potential in the postsynaptic neuron. However, multiple presynaptic inputs must often create EPSPs around the same time for the postsynaptic neuron to be sufficiently depolarized to fire an action potential.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Imaging Local Ca2+ Signals in Cultured Mammalian Cells
09:30

Imaging Local Ca2+ Signals in Cultured Mammalian Cells

Published on: March 3, 2015

Intracellular Ca(2+) channels - a growing community.

Colin W Taylor1, Philippa Dale

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK. cwt1000@cam.ac.uk

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology
|September 6, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Cellular calcium (Ca2+) signals are vital, regulated by Ca2+ channels. This study explores the diverse roles and interactions of these channels, focusing on inositol trisphosphate receptors and NAADP-evoked release.

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Applications of Spatio-temporal Mapping and Particle Analysis Techniques to Quantify Intracellular Ca2+ Signaling In Situ
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Applications of Spatio-temporal Mapping and Particle Analysis Techniques to Quantify Intracellular Ca2+ Signaling In Situ

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Last Updated: May 29, 2026

Imaging Local Ca2+ Signals in Cultured Mammalian Cells
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Imaging Local Ca2+ Signals in Cultured Mammalian Cells

Published on: March 3, 2015

Single-Cell Calcium Imaging for Studying the Activation of Calcium Ion Channels
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Single-Cell Calcium Imaging for Studying the Activation of Calcium Ion Channels

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Applications of Spatio-temporal Mapping and Particle Analysis Techniques to Quantify Intracellular Ca2+ Signaling In Situ
09:34

Applications of Spatio-temporal Mapping and Particle Analysis Techniques to Quantify Intracellular Ca2+ Signaling In Situ

Published on: January 7, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Physiology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Calcium ions (Ca2+) are critical intracellular messengers regulating diverse cellular functions.
  • Ca2+ signaling relies on the regulated transport of Ca2+ across cellular membranes via specific channels.
  • Inositol trisphosphate receptors (IP3R) and ryanodine receptors are well-characterized intracellular Ca2+ channels, primarily in the ER/SR.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the existence and physiological significance of numerous Ca2+ channels beyond IP3R and ryanodine receptors.
  • To investigate the complex interplay and interactions between different intracellular Ca2+ channels.
  • To illustrate channel diversity and interactions using examples of IP3R clustering and NAADP-evoked Ca2+ release.

Main Methods:

  • Review of accumulating evidence on diverse intracellular Ca2+ channels.
  • Focus on specific case studies: inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) clustering.
  • Analysis of nicotinic acid dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP)-evoked Ca2+ release from endo-lysosomes.

Main Results:

  • Evidence supports physiological roles for many additional Ca2+ channels in the ER and other organelles.
  • Interactions between Ca2+ channels, mediated by Ca2+ or protein-protein interactions, are common.
  • IP3R clustering and NAADP-evoked Ca2+ release demonstrate channel diversity and interplay.

Conclusions:

  • A wide array of intracellular Ca2+ channels contributes to cellular signaling.
  • Interactions and coordinated activity among Ca2+ channels are crucial for physiological responses.
  • Understanding these diverse channels and their interplay is key to deciphering complex Ca2+ signaling pathways.