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Related Concept Videos

Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

Replication in Eukaryotes

Overview
Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

Replication in Eukaryotes

Overview
The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with the...
The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with the...

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G2-seq: A High Throughput Sequencing-based Technique for Identifying Late Replicating Regions of the Genome
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Molecular control and function of endoreplication in development and physiology.

Lieven De Veylder1, John C Larkin, Arp Schnittger

  • 1Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium. lieven.deveylder@psb.vib-ugent.be

Trends in Plant Science
|September 6, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Endoreplication, a cell cycle process, leads to cellular polyploidy by skipping mitosis and replicating DNA. Recent findings reveal its essential role in plant development and stress responses, highlighting its importance for plant robustness.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Plant Science
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Endoreplication (or endoreduplication) is a cell cycle variant where DNA replicates without mitosis, leading to polyploidy.
  • While molecular mechanisms of endoreplication control are increasingly understood, its biological functions have remained largely elusive.
  • Cellular polyploidy is a common feature in many eukaryotes, but its specific roles are still under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the biological relevance and functional significance of endoreplication in multicellular eukaryotes, particularly plants.
  • To connect the molecular understanding of endoreplication control with its physiological and developmental roles.
  • To highlight the contribution of endoreplication to plant growth and resilience.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent research findings on endoreplication control mechanisms.
  • Analysis of evidence linking cellular polyploidy to developmental processes.
  • Investigation of endoreplication as a response to physiological conditions like pathogen attack and DNA damage.

Main Results:

  • Endoreplication is essential for critical developmental processes, including cell fate maintenance.
  • This cell cycle variant serves as a prominent response to physiological stresses such as pathogen invasion and DNA damage.
  • Cellular polyploidy resulting from endoreplication contributes significantly to the overall robustness of plant life.

Conclusions:

  • Endoreplication is not merely a cell cycle anomaly but a vital biological process with crucial functions.
  • The study underscores the importance of endoreplication in ensuring plant development and survival under stress.
  • Endoreplication represents a key module contributing to the resilience and adaptability of plants.