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Related Concept Videos

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder01:28

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by recurrent obsessions, compulsions, or both, which consume significant time and interfere with daily functioning. Obsessions involve persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that evoke anxiety. Common examples include irrational fears of contamination or harm. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to reduce the anxiety caused by obsessions. For instance, individuals...
Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
Epilepsy ll: Types01:22

Epilepsy ll: Types

Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
Personality Disorders: Dependent and Obsessive-Compulsive01:24

Personality Disorders: Dependent and Obsessive-Compulsive

Dependent personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder are two separate psychological conditions that influence behavior, relationships, and overall life functioning. Though both involve maladaptive behaviors, their core characteristics and motivations differ significantly.
 Dependent Personality Disorder
Dependent personality disorder is characterized by an excessive reliance on others to manage various aspects of life. Individuals with this disorder often struggle with...
Seizures l: Introduction01:20

Seizures l: Introduction

Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...

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Related Experiment Video

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Signal Attenuation as a Rat Model of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
09:29

Signal Attenuation as a Rat Model of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Published on: January 9, 2015

Obsessive-compulsive disorder in chronic epilepsy.

Peter W Kaplan1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. pkaplan@jhmi.edu

Epilepsy & Behavior : E&B
|September 6, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is frequently linked to chronic epilepsy, particularly temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Nearly a quarter of TLE patients show unrecognized OCD symptoms, often involving ordering and symmetry.

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Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: March 14, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • A recognized association exists between obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and chronic epilepsy, especially refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).
  • Nearly a quarter of TLE patients exhibit OCD features that may be overlooked.
  • Specific obsession types like ordering, symmetry, and handwashing are more prevalent in TLE patients compared to generalized epilepsies or controls.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on the association between epilepsy and OCD.
  • To explore the neurobiological underpinnings of this comorbidity.
  • To discuss contemporary treatment approaches and controversies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of case reports, patient series, and retrospective controlled studies.
  • Analysis of neurobiological and social factors implicated in the comorbidity.
  • Examination of theoretical frameworks for understanding the OCD-TLE link.

Main Results:

  • The literature confirms a significant association between TLE and OCD.
  • Right- or left-sided epileptic foci are more commonly associated with specific OCD features.
  • Abnormalities in frontal-thalamic-pallidal-striatal-anterior cingulate-frontal circuits are implicated.

Conclusions:

  • The link between TLE and OCD is well-established, with specific clinical and neurobiological correlates.
  • Understanding these circuits may guide future treatment strategies for OCD in TLE patients.
  • Emerging treatments like deep brain stimulation warrant further investigation and discussion.