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Related Concept Videos

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias01:28

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.
ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm01:19

Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm

The normal cardiac rhythm is a synchronized electrical activity that facilitates the regular and coordinated contraction of the heart muscle. This process is essential for efficient blood circulation throughout the body. The fundamental elements involved in establishing and maintaining this rhythm include the unique electrical properties of cardiac muscle cells, the sinoatrial (SA) node's pacemaker function, the specialized conducting system, and the ionic mechanisms underlying each phase of...
Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias01:18

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
Conduction System of the Heart01:19

Conduction System of the Heart

Autorhythmicity is a term that refers to the heart's inherent ability to generate electrical signals and instigate muscle contractions. This self-regulating conduction system within the heart consists of two key components: the pacemaker cells and specialized conducting cells.
The pacemaker cells are located in two primary nodes: the sinoatrial (SA) node and the atrioventricular (AV) node. The SA node pacemaker cells can autonomously depolarize, triggering an action potential that leads to the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Sterile Pericarditis in Aachener Minipigs As a Model for Atrial Myopathy and Atrial Fibrillation
08:56

Sterile Pericarditis in Aachener Minipigs As a Model for Atrial Myopathy and Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: September 24, 2021

[An exceptional cause of pacemaker dysfunction].

V Griffet1, M Lopez2, S Guérard1

  • 1Service de cardiologie, hôpital d'instruction des armées Desgenettes, 108, boulevard Pinel, 69275 Lyon cedex 03, France.

Annales De Cardiologie Et D'Angeiologie
|September 6, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Twiddler syndrome, a rare pacemaker complication, caused cardiac arrest in a patient with psychiatric disease. Surgical relocation of the pacemaker resolved the issue, restoring normal heart function.

Keywords:
PacemakerStimulateur cardiaqueSyndrome de TwiddlerTwiddler syndrome

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Tachycardia-Induced Cardiomyopathy As a Chronic Heart Failure Model in Swine
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Sterile Pericarditis in Aachener Minipigs As a Model for Atrial Myopathy and Atrial Fibrillation
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Published on: September 24, 2021

Tachycardia-Induced Cardiomyopathy As a Chronic Heart Failure Model in Swine
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Tachycardia-Induced Cardiomyopathy As a Chronic Heart Failure Model in Swine

Published on: February 17, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Medical Devices
  • Cardiac Electrophysiology

Background:

  • Pacemaker implantation is a common treatment for cardiac arrhythmias.
  • Twiddler syndrome is an uncommon complication characterized by lead dislodgement.
  • Patient history included psychiatric disease, a potential factor in device manipulation.

Observation:

  • A patient experienced recurrent cardiac arrests.
  • Loss of ventricular capture was identified as the cause.
  • The events were linked to pacemaker lead dislodgement, consistent with Twiddler syndrome.

Findings:

  • Twiddler syndrome was diagnosed as the cause of lead dislodgement and cardiac arrest.
  • Conservative management failed to prevent further episodes.
  • Retropectoral pacemaker implantation successfully resolved the lead dislodgement and restored capture.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of considering Twiddler syndrome in patients with pacemakers presenting with lead dislodgement.
  • Retropectoral implantation is an effective surgical solution for refractory Twiddler syndrome.
  • Understanding patient factors, such as psychiatric conditions, may aid in preventing this complication.