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Peritoneal dialysis-associated nontuberculous mycobacterium peritonitis: a systematic review of reported cases

Yan Song1, Jianyong Wu, Huiling Yan

  • 1Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hanghzou, People’s Republic of China.

Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation : Official Publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association
|September 6, 2011
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) peritonitis is a serious complication for peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Early consideration of NTM infection is crucial for PD patients with refractory peritonitis.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) peritonitis poses a significant challenge for patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD).
  • This complication can mimic other forms of peritonitis, delaying diagnosis and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and characterize cases of NTM peritonitis in PD patients reported in the literature.
  • To identify common clinical presentations, causative NTM species, and management strategies.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted using the PubMed database.
  • Cases of PD-associated NTM peritonitis published in English were identified and their characteristics analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Fifty-seven cases were identified across 41 articles, with patients aged 5-82 years.
  • Common symptoms included fever, abdominal pain, and cloudy peritoneal fluid, which are non-specific.
  • Rapidly growing mycobacteria, particularly Mycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacterium chelonae, were the most frequent isolates.
  • Most patients received empirical antibacterial therapy before NTM diagnosis, and PD catheter removal was common.

Conclusions:

  • NTM infection should be suspected in PD patients presenting with peritonitis that is culture-negative or unresponsive to standard antibiotic treatment.
  • Prompt diagnosis and consideration of NTM are essential for effective management in PD patients.

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