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Related Concept Videos

Biasing of Metal-Semiconductor Junctions01:27

Biasing of Metal-Semiconductor Junctions

Biasing metal-semiconductor junctions involves applying a voltage across the junction. Specifically, the metal is connected to a voltage source, while the semiconductor is grounded. This technique is essential for controlling the direction and magnitude of current flow in electronic devices, including diodes, transistors, and photovoltaic cells.
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Semiconductors

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Metals such as copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), or lead (Pb) have low resistivity and feature conduction bands that are either not fully occupied or overlap with the valence band, making a bandgap non-existent. This allows electrons in the highest energy levels of the valence band to easily transition to the conduction band upon gaining...
Band Theory02:35

Band Theory

When two or more atoms come together to form a molecule, their atomic orbitals combine and molecular orbitals of distinct energies result. In a solid, there are a large number of atoms, and therefore a large number of atomic orbitals that may be combined into molecular orbitals. These groups of molecular orbitals are so closely placed together to form continuous regions of energies, known as the bands.
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Energy Bands in Solids01:01

Energy Bands in Solids

Isolated atoms have discrete energy levels that are well described by the Bohr model. And, it quantifies the energy of an electron in a hydrogen atom as En. Higher quantum numbers 'n' yield less negative, closer electron energy levels.
 Band Formation:
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Fermi Level Dynamics

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Optimized Fabrication Procedure for High-Quality Graphene-based Moir&#233; Superlattice Devices
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Zigzag graphene nanoribbons: bandgap and midgap state modulation.

Hassan Raza1

  • 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. hraza@engineering.uiowa.edu

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|September 6, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Periodic edge roughness in zigzag graphene nanoribbons opens a significant band gap and creates a unique near-midgap state. An electric field modulates this state

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) exhibit unique electronic properties dependent on their width and edge structure.
  • Zigzag GNRs are known for their potential in spintronics and electronics due to edge states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the impact of periodic edge roughness on the electronic band structure of zigzag graphene nanoribbons.
  • Analyze the modulation of electronic properties, including band gap and near-midgap states, by external electric fields.

Main Methods:

  • Computational modeling of zigzag graphene nanoribbons with periodic edge roughness.
  • Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations to determine electronic band structure.
  • Analysis of electric-field effects on band gap, band width, and effective mass.

Main Results:

  • Periodic edge roughness induces a significant band gap opening in zigzag GNRs.
  • A near-midgap state with a small band width is observed.
  • External electric fields applied in the width direction linearly modulate the band width of the near-midgap state while keeping the band gap nearly constant.
  • Effective mass of the near-midgap states exhibits polarity switching at the Γ-point with electric field modulation.

Conclusions:

  • Periodic edge roughness is a viable method for tuning the electronic properties of zigzag GNRs.
  • The near-midgap state and its electric-field-tunable characteristics offer potential for novel electronic device applications.
  • Edge localization plays a crucial role in the linear modulation of the near-midgap state's band width.