Meniscus repair and transplantation: a comprehensive update

Area of Science:

• Orthopedic Surgery
• Sports Medicine
• Biomedical Engineering

Background:

• Meniscal preservation is crucial for long-term joint health, particularly in young, active patients.
• Meniscus tears, ranging from peripheral to central avascular regions, can be addressed through repair or transplantation.
• Surgical intervention is typically for active patients under 50 with tibiofemoral joint pain.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the efficacy of meniscus repair and transplantation in restoring joint function.
• To outline postoperative rehabilitation protocols for meniscus injuries.
• To discuss factors influencing healing and outcomes for different meniscus tear types.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on meniscus repair and transplantation outcomes.
• Analysis of rehabilitation protocols based on tear characteristics and concomitant procedures.
• Evaluation of factors affecting healing in peripheral versus central meniscus tears.

Main Results:

• Meniscus repair shows encouraging results for various tear types, especially in active patients.
• Meniscus transplantation offers functional restoration and chondroprotection in select cases.
• Postoperative protocols emphasize protected weight-bearing followed by early motion and strengthening, tailored to injury specifics.

Conclusions:

• Meniscus repair and transplantation are viable options for managing meniscal tears, improving joint function.
• Tailored rehabilitation is essential for successful healing and recovery after meniscus surgery.
• Understanding tear characteristics guides treatment and influences patient outcomes.