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Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Analysis of Neurodegenerative Diseases
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Balo's concentric sclerosis involving bilateral thalami.

Farheen Badar1, Shah F Azfar, Ibne Ahmad

  • 1Department of Radiodiagnosis, J.N. Medical College, India. drfarheenbadar@gmail.com

Neurology India
|September 6, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Balo's concentric sclerosis (BCS), a rare central nervous system demyelinating disease, is now diagnosed noninvasively using MRI. This case highlights typical MRI findings in a young woman with BCS affecting the thalami.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroimmunology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Balo's concentric sclerosis (BCS) is a rare inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system.
  • Pathologically, BCS is defined by alternating bands of demyelination and preserved myelin.
  • Historically, diagnosis relied on postmortem examination due to the rarity and subtle early signs.

Observation:

  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has revolutionized BCS diagnosis, enabling noninvasive visualization.
  • Characteristic MRI findings in BCS mirror the histopathological features of alternating demyelinated and myelinated bands.
  • This report details a case in a 26-year-old female with BCS involving the bilateral thalami.

Findings:

  • The patient presented with clinical and radiological features consistent with Balo's concentric sclerosis.
  • MRI demonstrated the pathognomonic concentric pattern of demyelination within the bilateral thalami.
  • The imaging findings closely correlated with the expected histopathological hallmarks of BCS.

Implications:

  • Noninvasive MRI facilitates earlier and more accurate diagnosis of Balo's concentric sclerosis.
  • Understanding the characteristic MRI appearance aids in differentiating BCS from other demyelinating disorders.
  • This case underscores the utility of advanced neuroimaging in diagnosing rare neurological conditions.