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Related Concept Videos

Maintenance of the ES Cell State01:14

Maintenance of the ES Cell State

The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...
Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway02:54

Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway

The gene encoding the main signaling molecules of the Wnt signaling pathways (the Wnt proteins) was discovered almost four decades ago by Nüsslein-Volhard and Wieschaus. They identified and originally named the gene "wingless" (wg) after a phenotype discovered during their landmark genetic screen in Drosophila for body pattern defects. At around the same time, another researcher named Harold Varmus found that a murine tumor virus activates the mammalian wg homolog, Int-1, which results in tumor...
Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:12

Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.
Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways01:41

Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways

Wnt is a zygotic effect gene that is expressed during very early embryonic development. It regulates various processes in animals starting from early development through the adult stage, such as organogenesis in the embryo and maintenance of neuronal and blood stem cells. Wnt proteins can induce a wide variety of intracellular pathways depending upon the specific abilities of different Wnt ligands to form a complex with shared and cognate receptors in the presence of different co-receptors. The...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Oct4GiP Reporter Assay to Study Genes that Regulate Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Maintenance and Self-renewal
08:01

Oct4GiP Reporter Assay to Study Genes that Regulate Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Maintenance and Self-renewal

Published on: May 30, 2012

Wnt: what's needed to maintain pluripotency?

Hitoshi Niwa

    Nature Cell Biology
    |September 6, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    The precise role of the Wnt signaling pathway in maintaining pluripotency in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) is debated. Recent studies offer new insights that may help establish a robust model for stem cell maintenance.

    Area of Science:

    • Developmental Biology
    • Stem Cell Biology
    • Molecular Signaling

    Background:

    • The canonical Wnt pathway is crucial in embryonic development, but its exact function in maintaining pluripotency in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) remains under investigation.
    • Discrepancies in previous findings have led to ongoing debate regarding the Wnt pathway's role in mESC self-renewal and differentiation.

    Discussion:

    • Four recent research articles provide complementary data that addresses the Wnt pathway's function in mESCs.
    • These studies investigate the molecular mechanisms and signaling dynamics involved in Wnt-mediated pluripotency maintenance.
    • Synthesizing these findings is essential for resolving the existing controversies and building a cohesive understanding.

    Key Insights:

    • The Wnt pathway's activity level and specific components are critical for sustaining the pluripotent state in mESCs.

    More Related Videos

    A Two-Step Strategy that Combines Epigenetic Modification and Biomechanical Cues to Generate Mammalian Pluripotent Cells
    08:01

    A Two-Step Strategy that Combines Epigenetic Modification and Biomechanical Cues to Generate Mammalian Pluripotent Cells

    Published on: August 29, 2020

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: May 29, 2026

    Oct4GiP Reporter Assay to Study Genes that Regulate Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Maintenance and Self-renewal
    08:01

    Oct4GiP Reporter Assay to Study Genes that Regulate Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Maintenance and Self-renewal

    Published on: May 30, 2012

    A Two-Step Strategy that Combines Epigenetic Modification and Biomechanical Cues to Generate Mammalian Pluripotent Cells
    08:01

    A Two-Step Strategy that Combines Epigenetic Modification and Biomechanical Cues to Generate Mammalian Pluripotent Cells

    Published on: August 29, 2020

  • Evidence suggests a complex regulatory network where Wnt signaling interacts with other pathways to control cell fate decisions.
  • Precise modulation of Wnt signaling, rather than a simple on/off switch, appears necessary for pluripotency.
  • Outlook:

    • These integrated results pave the way for a more robust and comprehensive model of Wnt signaling in mESC pluripotency.
    • Further research will focus on refining this model and exploring its implications for regenerative medicine and developmental studies.
    • Understanding this pathway's precise role could unlock new strategies for controlling stem cell behavior.