Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 29, 2026
10:07
Identification of Post-translational Modifications of Plant Protein Complexes
Published on: February 22, 2014
S-nitrosylation: an emerging post-translational protein modification in plants
Jéremy Astier1, Sumaira Rasul, Emmanuel Koen
1UMR INRA 1088/CNRS 5184/Université de Bourgogne, Plante-Microbe-Environnement, F-21065 Dijon cedex, France.
Plant Science : an International Journal of Experimental Plant Biology
|September 7, 2011
Summary
Nitric oxide (NO) is a key plant mediator. This review details how S-nitrosylation, a reversible protein modification, reveals NO
Area of Science:
- Plant molecular biology
- Biochemistry
- Post-translational modifications
Background:
- Nitric oxide (NO) is increasingly recognized as a crucial physiological mediator in plants.
- Understanding NO's diverse effects necessitates exploring its molecular mechanisms, particularly post-translational modifications.
- S-nitrosylation, a reversible modification of cysteine residues by NO, is a key regulatory process.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the fundamental principles of S-nitrosylation in plants.
- To highlight methods for identifying S-nitrosylated proteins, focusing on the Biotin Switch Technique.
- To discuss the impact of S-nitrosylation on protein structure and function.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on nitric oxide signaling and S-nitrosylation in plants.
- Detailed explanation of the Biotin Switch Technique and its adaptations for identifying S-nitrosylated proteins.
- Analysis of characterized S-nitrosylated proteins and their functional implications.
Main Results:
- Numerous plant proteins have been identified and characterized as being regulated by S-nitrosylation.
- The Biotin Switch Technique and its modifications are effective tools for detecting S-nitrosylation in physiological settings.
- S-nitrosylation significantly impacts the structure and function of various plant proteins.
Conclusions:
- S-nitrosylation is a vital post-translational modification mediating nitric oxide's functions in plants.
- Advances in techniques like the Biotin Switch Technique have enabled significant progress in identifying NO-regulated proteins.
- Further research into S-nitrosylation will deepen our understanding of plant physiology and stress responses.
Related Concept Videos
02:35Key Elements for Plant Nutrition
Like all living organisms, plants require organic and inorganic nutrients to survive, reproduce, grow and maintain homeostasis. To identify nutrients that are essential for plant functioning, researchers have leveraged a technique called hydroponics. In hydroponic culture systems, plants are grown—without soil—in water-based solutions containing nutrients. At least 17 nutrients have been identified as essential elements required by plants. Plants acquire these elements from the atmosphere, the...
01:26Protein Modifications in the RER
Modification of secretory and transmembrane proteins entering the rough ER begins in the ER lumen. These modifications aid in protein folding and stabilize the acquired tertiary structure. Protein modifications in the rough ER co-occur at different stages of protein folding.
Broadly, these modifications can be categorized into four main categories — glycosylation, formation of disulfide bonds, assembly of protein subunits, and specific proteolytic cleavages like removal of signal sequences.
Broadly, these modifications can be categorized into four main categories — glycosylation, formation of disulfide bonds, assembly of protein subunits, and specific proteolytic cleavages like removal of signal sequences.
01:22Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation
Nitrogen is an essential element in biological systems, forming a crucial component of proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular constituents. Many bacteria and archaea acquire nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO₃⁻) or ammonia (NH₃), which are then assimilated into biomolecules through specific enzymatic pathways.Assimilatory Nitrate ReductionWhen nitrate enters the cell, it undergoes a two-step reduction process known as assimilatory nitrate reduction. Initially, the enzyme nitrate reductase...
01:40Overview of Metabolism
Living cells constantly carry out various chemical reactions which are necessary for their proper functioning. These reactions are interlinked to one another via multiple pathways. The collection of these chemical reactions is known as metabolism.
Plant Metabolism
Sunlight, the primary source of energy in plants, is first absorbed by the chlorophyll pigments present in their leaves. Plants then use this energy to carry out photosynthesis, where water is oxidized into oxygen and carbon dioxide...
Plant Metabolism
Sunlight, the primary source of energy in plants, is first absorbed by the chlorophyll pigments present in their leaves. Plants then use this energy to carry out photosynthesis, where water is oxidized into oxygen and carbon dioxide...
02:04Covalently Linked Protein Regulators
Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein.
01:25Cell Signaling in Plants
Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...