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Related Concept Videos

Peroxisomes01:24

Peroxisomes

Peroxisomes are specialized organelles present in fungi, plant, and animal cells. It can vary in number, size, morphology, and activity depending on the type of tissue and the nutritional state of the cell. For example, cells with active lipid metabolism, such as adipocytes, neurons, and hepatocytes, have more peroxisomes than other cells in the body. Besides their primary role in breaking down complex organic molecules, peroxisomes can also synthesize specific macromolecules and participate in...
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Peroxisomes and mitochondria are two important oxygen-utilizing organelles in eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria carry out cellular respiration—the process that converts energy from food into ATP. Peroxisomes carry out a variety of functions, primarily breaking down different substances, such as fatty acids.
The peroxisome is a single membrane-bound cellular organelle that can perform several different functions, including lipid metabolism and chemical detoxification. The enzymes within peroxisomes...
Peroxisomes01:24

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Peroxynitrite formation and function in plants.

Elodie Vandelle1, Massimo Delledonne

  • 1Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 15, 37 134 Verona, Italy. elodiegenevieve.vandelle@univr.it

Plant Science : an International Journal of Experimental Plant Biology
|September 7, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Peroxynitrite, a reactive nitrogen species, is emerging as a key signaling molecule in plants. It regulates plant defense responses against pathogens through selective protein tyrosine nitration.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular signaling

Background:

  • Peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) is a reactive nitrogen species formed from nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion (O(2)(-)).
  • Initially recognized for mediating cell death in animals, it also regulates cell signaling via tyrosine nitration.
  • In plants, its role is less understood but distinct from NO-mediated cell death.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the general role of tyrosine nitration in plants.
  • To evaluate evidence for peroxynitrite as a signaling molecule in plant defense.
  • To explore its function in NO-mediated signaling after pathogen infection.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of current research.
  • Analysis of studies on reactive nitrogen species in plants.
  • Evaluation of evidence for peroxynitrite's role in plant immunity.

Main Results:

  • Peroxynitrite is not involved in NO-induced plant cell death.
  • It acts as a potential signaling molecule in plant defense against pathogens.
  • Selective tyrosine nitration of proteins is a likely mechanism.

Conclusions:

  • Peroxynitrite is an emerging signaling molecule in plant immunity.
  • It mediates NO-dependent signaling pathways during pathogen attack.
  • Tyrosine nitration is a key posttranslational modification regulated by peroxynitrite in plants.