Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Vitamins01:30

Vitamins

Vitamins, derived from the Latin word for life, are essential organic substances required in small quantities for optimal growth and overall well-being. Unlike other organic nutrients, vitamins don't act as sources of energy or building materials but rather facilitate these nutrients' utilization by the body. Vitamins are predominantly coenzymes, assisting enzymes in specific chemical actions, like the oxidation of glucose for energy involving B vitamins. Most vitamins are not produced in our...
Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism01:20

Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism

Nitrogen is a very important element for life because it is a major constituent of proteins and nucleic acids. It is a macronutrient, and in nature, it is recycled from organic compounds and stored in the form of  ammonia, ammonium ions, nitrate, nitrite, or  nitrogen gas by many metabolic processes. Many of these metabolic processes are carried out only by prokaryotes.
The largest pool of nitrogen available in the terrestrial ecosystem is gaseous nitrogen (N2) from the air, but this nitrogen...
Role of Reduced Coenzymes NADH and FADH₂01:29

Role of Reduced Coenzymes NADH and FADH₂

The energy released from the breakdown of the chemical bonds within nutrients can be stored either through the reduction of electron carriers or in the bonds of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In living systems, a small class of compounds functions as mobile electron carriers, molecules that bind to and shuttle high-energy electrons between compounds in pathways. The principal electron carriers that will be considered originate from the B vitamin group and are derivatives of nucleotides; they are...
Antianginal Drugs: Nitrates and β-Blockers01:16

Antianginal Drugs: Nitrates and β-Blockers

In cardiovascular health, antianginal drugs combat angina pectoris — a condition marked by chest pain owing to diminished blood flow to the heart.
Organic nitrates,  such as nitroglycerin, play a pivotal role. Once metabolized, they liberate nitric oxide, a molecular marvel. Nitric oxide triggers guanylyl cyclase and augments cGMP production. This biochemical cascade orchestrates the relaxation of vascular smooth muscles, ushering in vasodilation and enhancing coronary blood flow. Administered...
2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO201:20

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
Lipid-Lowering Drugs: Statins and Miscellaneous Agents01:20

Lipid-Lowering Drugs: Statins and Miscellaneous Agents

Hyperlipidemia, a medical condition often referred to as high cholesterol, is characterized by abnormally elevated levels of lipids in the bloodstream. When present in excess, these lipids, specifically cholesterol and triglycerides, can lead to serious health complications, often involving cardiovascular diseases. Illnesses like atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and pancreatitis have all been linked to untreated hyperlipidemia. This means controlling and regulating cholesterol and triglyceride...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

THE SOCIETY OF CRITICAL CARE CARDIOLOGY - RATIONALE, BLUEPRINT, AND LESSONS LEARNED IN THE CREATION OF A NEW MULTIDISCIPLINARY PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATION.

American heart journal·2026
Same author

Pressure-Adjusted Heart Rate by Echocardiography and Mortality in the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit.

JACC. Advances·2026
Same author

Beyond Siloed Care: The Promise and Challenge of CKM Syndrome.

Circulation·2026
Same author

Variation in Vasoactive Treatment Selection for Cardiogenic Shock: Insights From the Critical Care Cardiology Trials Network (CCCTN).

Circulation. Heart failure·2026
Same author

Evaluation of the updated ABC-AF-bleeding score 2.0 in patients with atrial fibrillation treated with a direct oral anticoagulant or warfarin.

Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH·2026
Same author

A Road Map to Understanding Cardiovascular Disease in Diabetes: From the AHA Strategically Focused Research Network in Cardiometabolic Health and Type 2 Diabetes.

Circulation research·2026
Same journal

The first 24-h negative fluid balance is related to lower short-term mortality but higher AKI progression in critically ill heart failure: a retrospective cohort study.

Therapeutic advances in cardiovascular disease·2026
Same journal

Postoperative cytotoxic cerebral edema following surgical resection of a giant right atrial aneurysm in an infant: a rare case report.

Therapeutic advances in cardiovascular disease·2026
Same journal

Comments on "Neurological efficacy and safety of RNA therapeutics in hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials".

Therapeutic advances in cardiovascular disease·2026
Same journal

35 Years of modern cardiothoracic surgery in Ghana: a legacy of excellence, a future of perfection.

Therapeutic advances in cardiovascular disease·2026
Same journal

ATTR-CM: What do we know about blood levels of the TTR protein? A discussion with experts.

Therapeutic advances in cardiovascular disease·2026
Same journal

Real-world effectiveness and safety of torsemide and spironolactone fixed dose combination in Indian heart failure patients (RESTORE-HF study): a prospective, multicenter, observational study.

Therapeutic advances in cardiovascular disease·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Preparation of Naringenin Solution for In Vivo Application
08:18

Preparation of Naringenin Solution for In Vivo Application

Published on: August 10, 2021

The facts behind niacin.

Willibald Hochholzer1, David D Berg, Robert P Giugliano

  • 1TIMI Study Group, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease
|September 7, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Niacin effectively raises high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), a key target for reducing coronary heart disease risk. Ongoing trials will determine if niacin-statin combinations offer clinical benefits beyond statin therapy alone.

More Related Videos

A General Method for Detecting Nitrosamide Formation in the In Vitro Metabolism of Nitrosamines by Cytochrome P450s
07:38

A General Method for Detecting Nitrosamide Formation in the In Vitro Metabolism of Nitrosamines by Cytochrome P450s

Published on: September 25, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 29, 2026

Preparation of Naringenin Solution for In Vivo Application
08:18

Preparation of Naringenin Solution for In Vivo Application

Published on: August 10, 2021

A General Method for Detecting Nitrosamide Formation in the In Vitro Metabolism of Nitrosamines by Cytochrome P450s
07:38

A General Method for Detecting Nitrosamide Formation in the In Vitro Metabolism of Nitrosamines by Cytochrome P450s

Published on: September 25, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Pharmacology
  • Lipid Metabolism

Background:

  • High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is a secondary therapeutic target due to its inverse association with coronary heart disease (CHD) risk.
  • Niacin, used since the 1950s, is the most effective agent for increasing HDL-C levels.
  • Limited clinical outcome data exist for niacin, especially in combination with other agents, with most studies predating widespread statin use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the role of niacin as a therapeutic agent for dyslipidemia.
  • To assess the clinical benefit of niacin, particularly in combination with statin therapy.
  • To clarify the significance of surrogate cardiovascular markers in niacin combination trials.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on niacin's lipid-altering effects.
  • Analysis of studies investigating niacin's impact on clinical outcomes, including pre-statin era research.
  • Consideration of data on niacin-statin combination therapy and surrogate cardiovascular markers.
  • Anticipation of results from two large randomized trials comparing niacin-statin combination therapy with statin monotherapy.

Main Results:

  • Niacin is highly effective at increasing HDL-C.
  • Niacin demonstrates LDL-C lowering effects.
  • Studies suggest potential benefits of niacin-statin therapy on surrogate markers like carotid intima-media thickness, though clinical significance is debated.

Conclusions:

  • Niacin is a potent HDL-C raising agent.
  • The clinical utility of niacin, especially in combination with statins, requires further investigation through large-scale randomized trials.
  • Two major trials are underway to determine if niacin-statin therapy offers superior clinical outcomes compared to statin monotherapy.