Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Oxygen Transport in the Blood

Oxygen Transport in the Blood

Hemoglobin (Hb) is a crucial molecule in the human body, consisting of four polypeptide chains, each bound to an iron-containing heme group. This unique structure enables hemoglobin to bind to oxygen, with each molecule capable of combining with four molecules of oxygen, leading to rapid and reversible oxygen loading. When fully loaded with oxygen, it is called oxyhemoglobin, while hemoglobin that has released oxygen is called reduced hemoglobin or deoxyhemoglobin. As hemoglobin binds oxygen,...

Heat Capacity: Problem-Solving

Heat Capacity: Problem-Solving

The heat capacity of a gas is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of gas by one degree Celsius. It is an important thermodynamic property of gases, and its determination is essential in many industrial and scientific applications. Here are the steps to solve problems related to the heat capacities of gases:
Determine the type of gas: The heat capacity of a gas depends on its molecular structure and the degree of freedom of its molecules. Different types of...

Ions, Molecules, and Compounds

Ions, Molecules, and Compounds

Ions - When an atom participates in a chemical reaction that results in the donation or acceptance of one or more electrons, the atom becomes positively or negatively charged. This frequently happens for most atoms to have a full valence shell. This can happen either by gaining electrons to fill a shell that is more than half-full or by giving away electrons to empty a shell that is less than half-full, thereby leaving the next smaller electron shell as the new, full valence shell. An atom with...

Lewis Structures of Molecular Compounds and Polyatomic Ions

Lewis Structures of Molecular Compounds and Polyatomic Ions

To draw Lewis structures for complicated molecules and molecular ions, it is helpful to follow a step-by-step procedure as outlined:

Hemoglobin

Hemoglobin

Hemoglobin is a globular protein made up of four subunits. Two of these subunits are alpha chains, and the other two are beta chains. Each subunit contains a molecule of heme, which has an iron atom and can bind to oxygen. When an oxygen molecule binds to one heme group, it changes the shape of hemoglobin, making it easier for the other heme groups to bind oxygen as well.
When all four heme groups are bound to oxygen, the resulting molecule is called oxyhemoglobin. As a result, arterial blood...

Hypoxia

Hypoxia

Hypoxia is a medical condition characterized by an inadequate oxygen supply to body tissues. It typically manifests as a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucosae, especially in fair-skinned individuals, when hemoglobin (Hb) saturation drops below 75%.
Types of Hypoxia
There are four primary types of hypoxia, each resulting from a different cause:
1. Anemic hypoxia: This type occurs due to insufficient oxygen delivery caused by a lack of red blood cells (RBCs) or RBCs with abnormal or...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

An AI-driven deep learning pipeline for taxonomic classification and biodiversity assessment of deep-sea environmental DNA.

Computers in biology and medicine·2026

Same author

Hyperspectral radiance mapping and chromatic correction for temperature measurement in laser-heated diamond anvil cells.

The Review of scientific instruments·2026

Same author

X-ray-diffraction and electrical-transport imaging of superconducting superhydride (La,Y)H<sub>10</sub>.

Nature communications·2025

Same author

Pressure-induced redox reversal of iron and the distribution of elements in deep Earth.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025

Same author

Synthesis of Gold Hydride at High Pressure and High Temperature.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2025

Same author

Synthesis of cerium oxynitride and oxoguanidinate at high pressures.

The Journal of chemical physics·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

An Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Setup to Investigate the Reactive Species Formation

An Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Setup to Investigate the Reactive Species Formation

Published on: November 3, 2016

Polymorphism of dense, hot oxygen.

Alexander F Goncharov¹, N Subramanian, T R Ravindran

¹Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC 20015, USA. goncharov@gl.ciw.edu

The Journal of Chemical Physics

|September 8, 2011

Summary

Researchers studied oxygen

Area of Science:

Condensed matter physics
Earth science
Materials science

Background:

The phase diagram and polymorphism of oxygen under extreme conditions are crucial for understanding planetary interiors and materials science.
Previous studies have identified various phases of oxygen at high pressures and temperatures, but their precise stability ranges and structures remain areas of active research.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the phase transitions and structural properties of oxygen at high pressures (up to 90 GPa) and temperatures (near 1000 K).
To characterize a newly discovered high-pressure phase of oxygen and compare it with previously reported phases.

Main Methods:

X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy were employed using laser and resistively heated diamond anvil cells.
High-pressure and high-temperature experiments were conducted to probe oxygen's behavior under extreme conditions.

More Related Videos

Tuning Oxide Properties by Oxygen Vacancy Control During Growth and Annealing

Tuning Oxide Properties by Oxygen Vacancy Control During Growth and Annealing

Published on: June 9, 2023

High Resolution Physical Characterization of Single Metallic Nanoparticles

High Resolution Physical Characterization of Single Metallic Nanoparticles

Published on: June 28, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 29, 2026

An Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Setup to Investigate the Reactive Species Formation

An Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Setup to Investigate the Reactive Species Formation

Published on: November 3, 2016

Tuning Oxide Properties by Oxygen Vacancy Control During Growth and Annealing

Tuning Oxide Properties by Oxygen Vacancy Control During Growth and Annealing

Published on: June 9, 2023

High Resolution Physical Characterization of Single Metallic Nanoparticles

High Resolution Physical Characterization of Single Metallic Nanoparticles

Published on: June 28, 2019

Main Results:

A reversible transformation from the molecular high-pressure phase ε-O(2) to a new, higher-symmetry phase (η') was observed between 44 and 90 GPa near 1000 K.
The new phase η' is isostructural to a previously reported phase η but exhibits different pressure-temperature stability and intermolecular associations.
The melting curve of oxygen was found to increase monotonically up to ~60 GPa.
Fluid oxygen showed continuous changes toward molecular dissociation up to 58 GPa.

Conclusions:

A novel high-pressure, high-temperature phase of oxygen (η') has been identified and characterized.
The findings refine the understanding of oxygen's phase diagram and polymorphism under extreme conditions.
This research provides critical data for condensed matter and earth science applications.