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Related Concept Videos

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology01:14

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology

Spinal cord injury progresses through two interconnected phases: primary injury and secondary injury.Primary InjuryPrimary injury happens at the moment of trauma and involves immediate mechanical damage to the spinal cord.Compression happens when broken vertebrae, herniated discs, or accumulating blood (such as a hematoma) press directly against the spinal cord, distorting its normal shape and function. In cases of contusion, the cord is bruised by a blunt force (like penetrating injuries or...
Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology01:25

Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology

Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...
Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy01:16

Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy

The cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord offers a detailed view of its complex structure and function within the central nervous system. At the core of the spinal cord lies the gray matter, characterized by its butterfly or "H"-shaped appearance in cross-section. This central region is enveloped by white matter, with the overall structure divided into symmetrical halves by the dorsal median sulcus and the ventral median fissure.
Gray Matter and its Components
Central to the gray matter is...
Spinal Cord: Gross Anatomy01:15

Spinal Cord: Gross Anatomy

The spinal cord resides within the protective confines of the vertebral column. It is the main pathway for information traveling between the brain and the body. It plays a fundamental role in nearly all bodily functions, from simple reflexes to complex motor movements. The spinal cord begins at the medulla oblongata at the base of the brainstem and extends downward, terminating at the conus medullaris near the first and second lumbar vertebrae. The spinal cord's length in adults is...

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An In Vivo Duo-color Method for Imaging Vascular Dynamics Following Contusive Spinal Cord Injury
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Spinal cord injuries sustained in road crashes are not on the decrease in france: a study based on epidemiological

Thomas Lieutaud1, Amina Ndiaye, Bernard Laumon

  • 1Translational and Integrative Group in Epilepsy Research, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Lyon Neuroscience Center, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, Cedex, France. lieutaud@hotmail.co.uk

Journal of Neurotrauma
|September 8, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Despite overall reductions in road crash casualties, spinal cord injuries (SCI) incidence remained stable. Motorcyclist and pedestrian/cyclist injuries increased, with older, multi-injured individuals now more affected by SCI.

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Area of Science:

  • Traumatology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Traumatic spinal cord injuries (SCI) are rare yet impose significant societal costs.
  • Understanding epidemiological trends is crucial for refining SCI study inclusion criteria.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze epidemiological trends in spinal cord injury (SCI), major spinal trauma (MST), and severe injuries (AIS4+) from road traffic crashes.
  • To compare these trends between two distinct periods: 1996-2001 and 2003-2008.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Rhone Registry data for road crash casualties in the Rhône département, France.
  • Injuries were coded using the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS).
  • Compared incidence rates, fatality, mortality, and survival for SCI, MST, and AIS4+ injuries between the two study periods.

Main Results:

  • Overall road crash casualties decreased by 35%, with significant reductions in MST (22%) and severe injuries (33%).
  • Spinal cord injury (SCI) incidence and casualty numbers remained stable.
  • Car user SCI incidence decreased, while motorcyclist (47%) and pedestrian/cyclist (77%) SCI incidences significantly increased.
  • The median age of SCI casualties, age-adjusted incidence, and number of associated injuries were higher in the second period.

Conclusions:

  • A significant reduction in overall road trauma severity was observed, excluding SCI.
  • Emerging epidemiological factors for SCI include a higher proportion of motorcyclist involvement, increased casualty age, and a greater prevalence of multiple injuries.