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Related Concept Videos

Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome.  Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form dimers that...
Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome.  Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form dimers that...
Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...

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HOX Loci Focused CRISPR/sgRNA Library Screening Identifying Critical CTCF Boundaries
10:10

HOX Loci Focused CRISPR/sgRNA Library Screening Identifying Critical CTCF Boundaries

Published on: March 31, 2019

CTCF function is modulated by neighboring DNA binding factors.

Oliver Weth1, Rainer Renkawitz

  • 1Institute for Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, D35392 Giessen, Germany. oliver.weth@gen.bio.uni-giessen.de

Biochemistry and Cell Biology = Biochimie Et Biologie Cellulaire
|September 8, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The zinc-finger protein CTCF plays a crucial role in gene regulation, including enhancer blocking. Its activity is modulated by DNA methylation and interactions with neighboring DNA-binding factors, influencing various transcriptional mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

  • * Molecular Biology
  • * Epigenetics
  • * Gene Regulation

Background:

  • * The zinc-finger protein CTCF was initially identified for its roles in gene silencing and repression.
  • * CTCF is now known to be involved in diverse transcriptional mechanisms, including gene activation and enhancer blocking.
  • * Insulators, which block enhancer-promoter interactions, often rely on CTCF for their function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To review mechanisms regulating CTCF activity, focusing on its interactions with neighboring DNA-bound factors.
  • * To explore how these interactions influence CTCF's pleiotropic effects on gene transcription.
  • * To summarize findings where CTCF's function is modulated by adjacent factors.

Main Methods:

  • * Literature review of studies investigating CTCF binding and function.
  • * Analysis of mechanisms affecting CTCF DNA-binding, such as DNA methylation and RNA transcription.
  • * Examination of whole-genome analyses identifying sequences adjacent to CTCF binding sites.

Main Results:

  • * CTCF-mediated enhancer blocking can be modulated, not always constitutive.
  • * DNA methylation of CTCF binding sites can prevent binding and abolish enhancer blocking.
  • * RNA transcription through CTCF sites can lead to CTCF eviction.
  • * CTCF's interaction with cohesin appears consistent across cell types.
  • * Neighboring factors, including RNA polymerases, VEZF1, YY1, SMAD, TR, and Oct4, influence CTCF function.

Conclusions:

  • * CTCF activity is regulated not only by its own binding but also by factors in its vicinity.
  • * Interactions with neighboring factors provide a mechanism for modulating CTCF's diverse roles in gene regulation.
  • * Understanding these interactions is key to explaining the pleiotropic effects of CTCF.