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Related Concept Videos

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction01:15

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures01:26

Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures

Effective preventive measures for coronary artery disease (CAD) focus on controlling modifiable risk factors, including cholesterol abnormalities and lifestyle changes.Cholesterol ManagementFirst, the Mediterranean diet and the American Heart Association advocate for maintaining low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels below 100 mg/dL, with a more stringent recommendation of below 70 mg/dL for individuals at high risk. LDL cholesterol, often termed "bad cholesterol," can lead to the...
Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
Atherosclerosis IV: Nursing Management01:23

Atherosclerosis IV: Nursing Management

Nursing management for a patient with arteriosclerosis involves a comprehensive approach focusing on lifestyle modification, disease monitoring, education, and symptomatic care. Here is an overview of effective nursing strategies:Assessment and Monitoring: Initial and ongoing assessments are crucial. Nurses must document the patient's medical history, including any hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and other cardiovascular diseases. Assessments also cover family history and lifestyle...

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Updated: May 29, 2026

Optimized Management of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke
09:21

Optimized Management of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke

Published on: January 18, 2018

PROGRESS: Prevention of Recurrent Stroke.

Hisatomi Arima1, John Chalmers

  • 1George Institute for Global Health, University of Sydney and the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia.

Journal of Clinical Hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.)
|September 8, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Blood pressure lowering treatment with perindopril effectively prevents recurrent stroke and other cardiovascular events. All stroke patients should receive this therapy regardless of baseline blood pressure levels for secondary stroke prevention.

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Last Updated: May 29, 2026

Optimized Management of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke
09:21

Optimized Management of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke

Published on: January 18, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Neurology
  • Clinical Trials

Background:

  • Stroke is a leading cause of disability and death worldwide.
  • Secondary prevention strategies are crucial to reduce recurrent stroke events.
  • Blood pressure management is a key target for stroke prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of perindopril-based blood pressure lowering treatment in the secondary prevention of stroke.
  • To assess the impact of this treatment on cardiovascular events, disability, and cognitive function.

Main Methods:

  • The Perindopril Protection Against Recurrent Stroke Study (PROGRESS) was a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
  • Involved patients who had experienced a stroke and were stabilized.
  • Treatment involved perindopopril-based blood pressure lowering therapy.

Main Results:

  • Perindopril-based treatment significantly reduced recurrent stroke and other cardiovascular events.
  • Beneficial effects were consistent across diverse patient subgroups.
  • Improvements were noted in disability, dependency, and cognitive function.

Conclusions:

  • Perindopril-based blood pressure lowering is a highly effective and generalizable strategy for secondary stroke prevention.
  • All patients with stroke should receive blood pressure lowering therapy.
  • Target blood pressure should be <140/90 mm Hg, or <130/80 mm Hg if tolerated.