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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...

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Updated: May 29, 2026

MicroRNA-based Regulation of Picornavirus Tropism
09:05

MicroRNA-based Regulation of Picornavirus Tropism

Published on: February 6, 2017

Viruses and microRNAs: RISCy interactions with serious consequences.

Bryan R Cullen1

  • 1Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Center for Virology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.

Genes & Development
|September 8, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Viruses, especially herpesviruses, use microRNAs (miRNAs) to control infected cells and evade immune responses. Understanding these viral miRNAs offers potential new therapeutic targets for treating viral diseases.

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MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method

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MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method
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MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method

Published on: October 7, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Several DNA viruses, notably herpesviruses, express numerous viral microRNAs (miRNAs) during infection.
  • Viral miRNAs are increasingly recognized for their roles in viral replication, pathogenesis, and host immune modulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of how viral miRNAs impact viral replication and pathogenesis.
  • To discuss the mechanisms by which viruses alter cellular miRNA expression patterns.
  • To highlight the role of viral miRNAs in immune evasion and cell transformation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on viral miRNA expression and function.
  • Analysis of studies investigating the interplay between viral and cellular miRNAs.
  • Examination of the impact of viral miRNAs on innate immunity and cell transformation.

Main Results:

  • Viruses actively modulate cellular miRNA expression, both activating and repressing specific miRNAs.
  • Virally encoded miRNAs are crucial for inhibiting antiviral innate immune responses.
  • Viral miRNAs can contribute to cellular transformation in experimental settings.

Conclusions:

  • Interactions between viral and cellular miRNAs are critical in viral pathogenesis.
  • Targeting these viral miRNA interactions presents a promising strategy for novel antiviral therapies.