Association between depression and dry eye disease in an elderly population

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Geriatrics
• Psychiatry

Background:

• Dry eye disease (DED) is a prevalent condition affecting the ocular surface.
• Depression is a common comorbidity in elderly populations.
• The relationship between DED and depression in older adults requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the association between depression and dry eye disease (DED) in a community-dwelling elderly population.
• To identify factors associated with DED risk in this demographic.

Main Methods:

• A population-based cross-sectional study involving 657 Korean elders aged 65 and above.
• DED symptoms assessed via the Dry Eye Questionnaire; DED signs evaluated using Schirmer test, fluorescein stain score, and tear film break-up time (BUT).
• Depression assessed using the Korean version of the Short Geriatric Depression Scale (SGDS-K); logistic linear analyses employed.

Main Results:

• Depression symptom scores correlated with DED symptom reports but not with objective DED signs like BUT or Schirmer test scores.
• Female sex, urban residence, depression, and a Schirmer score ≤ 5 mm were associated with increased DED risk.
• Depression was significantly associated with DED risk in individuals with Schirmer scores > 5 mm, but not in those with scores ≤ 5 mm.

Conclusions:

• Depression is associated with dry eye disease symptoms, particularly in elderly individuals with normal or mildly reduced tear production.
• The findings suggest a complex interplay between mental health and ocular surface disease in the elderly.
• Further research may explore the mechanisms underlying this association and potential therapeutic interventions.