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Related Concept Videos

Defense Mechanism Against Infection01:26

Defense Mechanism Against Infection

Natural flora, body system defenses, and inflammation are natural barriers of the body against infectious agents regardless of previous exposure. Normal floras of the human body refer to the microbial population that colonizes the skin and mucous membranes.
In addition, many body organ systems have unique defenses against infection. The skin is an intact, multilayered surface preventing invasion by microorganisms unless impaired. Mucous membranes lining the mouth, nose, and eyelids are barriers...
Physiology of Enteric Nervous System and Gut Health01:05

Physiology of Enteric Nervous System and Gut Health

The gastrointestinal tract, responsible for the digestion and absorption of nutrients, is safeguarded by the intestinal barrier, which consists of secretory, physical, and immune components. At the forefront is the secretory barrier, composed of essential elements such as mucus, gut microbiota, and defense proteins. They collaborate to break down food particles, facilitate nutrient absorption, and maintain optimal gut health. These secretory components ensure the smooth functioning of the...
Pathophysiology of Peptic Ulcer Disease: Mucosal Defense Factors01:24

Pathophysiology of Peptic Ulcer Disease: Mucosal Defense Factors

Peptic ulcer disease, commonly called PUD, represents a multifaceted condition characterized by disruptions in the lining of the gastrointestinal (GI)  tract. Central to the protection of the gastrointestinal lining is the mucosal-bicarbonate barrier. This physiological defense mechanism is a formidable shield against the corrosive effects of gastric acid and pepsin secretion in the stomach. Its role is pivotal in maintaining the structural integrity of the stomach's inner lining. Bicarbonate,...
Defenses Against Pathogens and Herbivores02:26

Defenses Against Pathogens and Herbivores

Plants present a rich source of nutrients for many organisms, making it a target for herbivores and infectious agents. Plants, though lacking a proper immune system, have developed an array of constitutive and inducible defenses to fend off these attacks.
Mucosal Barrier of the Stomach01:25

Mucosal Barrier of the Stomach

The gastric glands contain parietal cells that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) for digestion. The cells secrete HCl because it is highly corrosive and essential for breaking down food. To achieve this, they secrete hydrogen and chloride ions into the lumen of the gastric glands, which combine to form HCl.
Within parietal cells, carbonic acid is first formed through the reaction of water and carbon dioxide. The dissociation of carbonic acid releases bicarbonate and hydrogen ions. The bicarbonate...
Physiology of the Gastrointestinal System III: Elimination01:26

Physiology of the Gastrointestinal System III: Elimination

The gastrointestinal elimination process involves a complex interplay of neural and hormonal mechanisms that coordinate the final waste removal from the body. This intricate operation encompasses the absorption of water and electrolytes, vital for transforming the remaining indigestible food matter into feces. The large intestine is pivotal in water and electrolyte absorption, forming feces from unabsorbed minerals, undigested food, bacteria, bile pigments, and shed epithelial cells. Essential...

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Updated: May 29, 2026

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Characterization of Murine Small Intestinal Lymphocytes
08:14

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Characterization of Murine Small Intestinal Lymphocytes

Published on: May 8, 2016

Gastrointestinal defense mechanisms.

Coleen Palileo1, Jonathan D Kaunitz

  • 1Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA.

Current Opinion in Gastroenterology
|September 8, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Gastroduodenal mucosal defense involves complex pathways. Understanding these mechanisms and healing factors is key to preventing and treating mucosal injury, especially with aging.

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Cell Biology
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Gastroduodenal mucosa possesses defense mechanisms against injury.
  • Understanding these defenses and healing factors is crucial for clinical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on gastroduodenal mucosal defense mechanisms.
  • To highlight factors contributing to defense system failure and mucosal healing.
  • To elucidate new pathophysiological mechanisms of mucosal injury.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent scientific findings.
  • Analysis of molecular and cellular pathways involved in mucosal defense and healing.

Main Results:

  • Bicarbonate secretion involves prostaglandin E synthases; mucins, growth factors, and trefoil factors accelerate healing.

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Trichuris muris Infection: A Model of Type 2 Immunity and Inflammation in the Gut
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Trichuris muris Infection: A Model of Type 2 Immunity and Inflammation in the Gut

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Development of an Antigen-driven Colitis Model to Study Presentation of Antigens by Antigen Presenting Cells to T Cells
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Development of an Antigen-driven Colitis Model to Study Presentation of Antigens by Antigen Presenting Cells to T Cells

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Isolation and Flow Cytometric Characterization of Murine Small Intestinal Lymphocytes
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  • Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and bile synergistically damage mucosa.
  • Proton pump inhibitors, roxatidine, melatonin, and polaprezinc offer mucosal protection through various mechanisms.
  • Oxidative stress, mediated by lipopolysaccharides and p38 MAPK, and aging impair mucosal defense.

    • Conclusions:

    • Multiple pathways contribute to gastroduodenal mucosal injury and defense.
    • Enhanced understanding of these systems may reveal novel therapeutic targets for mucosal injury prevention and treatment.