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Updated: May 29, 2026

Comprehensive Protocol to Sample and Process Bone Marrow for Measuring Measurable Residual Disease and Leukemic Stem Cells in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Published on: March 5, 2018
Prevention and treatment of acute myeloid leukemia relapse after allogeneic stem cell transplantation
1Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Purpose Of Review:
Relapse remains a major cause of treatment failure for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients treated with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT). Most patients that recur will perish due to low treatment efficacy, toxicity, or frailty issues. This review summarizes recent developments in clinical research and therapeutic applications for prevention and treatment of this complication of transplantation.
Recent Findings:
Several groups have demonstrated that monitoring minimal residual disease (MRD) after allo-HCT is feasible and is predictive of impending hematologic recurrence. The introduction of novel antileukemia agents in the preparative regimen, maintenance of remission treatment posttransplant, and early MRD-based therapeutic interventions all have the potential to improve outcomes.
Summary:
Innovative basic and clinical investigation is urgently needed to improve treatment and prevention of AML recurrence after allogeneic transplantation.
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