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Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...

Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography

Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography

IntroductionIntravenous Urography (IVU) and Retrograde Pyelography (RP) are important diagnostic imaging techniques used to evaluate the urinary system. These methods help identify structural abnormalities, obstructions, and functional issues in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Both procedures use iodine-based contrast media to enhance the visibility of urinary tract structures on X-ray images, though they differ in their methods and indications.1. Intravenous Urography (IVU)Intravenous...

Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure

Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure

Preoperative ManagementThe primary goals of preoperative management in kidney transplantation are to optimize the patient’s metabolic state and prepare them for surgery through diet adjustments, necessary dialysis, and tailored medical treatment. This phase also involves comprehensive infection screening and patient education about the surgical procedure and postoperative care to improve outcomes and adherence.Medical ManagementA comprehensive evaluation is required for both the living donor...

Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination

Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination

Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...

Urethra

Urethra

The urethra is a hollowed tubular organ through which urine is expelled from the body. This structure extends from the bladder to the external opening, allowing urine to be released.
The anatomy of the urethra differs between males and females. In females, the urethra is short, measuring about 3–4 cm in length, and opens anterior to the vaginal opening. In males, the urethra is longer and passes through the penis, serving dual purposes: expelling urine and ejaculating semen. The male urethra is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Vessel-sparing Excision and Primary Anastomosis

Vessel-sparing Excision and Primary Anastomosis

Published on: January 7, 2019

What's new in urethroplasty?

Daniela E Andrich¹, Anthony R Mundy

¹Institute of Urology, London, UK.

Current Opinion in Urology

|September 8, 2011

Summary

Recent advancements in urethroplasty focus on reducing trauma and managing complications from prostate cancer treatment. Improved outcome assessments, including patient-reported measures, are also highlighted.

Area of Science:

Urology
Surgical Innovation

Background:

Urethroplasty is a surgical procedure to reconstruct the urethra.
Anterior and posterior urethral issues require specialized surgical approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide an overview of current thinking and recent developments in urethroplasty.
To highlight advancements in minimizing surgical trauma and managing complications.

Main Methods:

Review of current literature and clinical practices in urethroplasty.
Analysis of recent developments in surgical techniques and outcome assessment.

Main Results:

Minimally invasive techniques for anterior urethroplasty have been developed.
Strategies to address posterior urethral complications post-prostate cancer treatment are evolving.

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Transcorporal Artificial Urinary Sphincter Cuff Placement in a Case Requiring Revision for Urethral Atrophy

Transcorporal Artificial Urinary Sphincter Cuff Placement in a Case Requiring Revision for Urethral Atrophy

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Last Updated: May 29, 2026

Vessel-sparing Excision and Primary Anastomosis

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Published on: January 7, 2019

Urethral Stricture Induction Followed by Buccal Mucosa Graft Urethroplasty in a Rat Model

Urethral Stricture Induction Followed by Buccal Mucosa Graft Urethroplasty in a Rat Model

Published on: April 28, 2023

Transcorporal Artificial Urinary Sphincter Cuff Placement in a Case Requiring Revision for Urethral Atrophy

Transcorporal Artificial Urinary Sphincter Cuff Placement in a Case Requiring Revision for Urethral Atrophy

Published on: June 16, 2022

Significant progress has been made in assessing urethroplasty outcomes, particularly using patient-reported outcome measures.

Conclusions:

Continued innovation in urethroplasty techniques is anticipated.
Cell culture technologies may offer future clinical applications for urethral reconstruction.