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Related Concept Videos

The Ras Gene02:38

The Ras Gene

The Ras-gene-encoded proteins are regulators of signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, or cell survival. The Ras-gene family in humans constitutes three primary members—the HRas, NRas, and KRas. These genes code for four functionally distinct yet closely related proteins—the HRas, NRas, KRas4A, and KRas4B. The involvement of mutant Ras genes in human cancer was first discovered in 1982 and is among the most common causes of human tumorigenesis.
Ras is a superfamily...
TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors are of three kinds RI, RII, and RIII. The RI...
MAPK Signaling Cascades01:07

MAPK Signaling Cascades

Mitogen-activated protein kinase, or MAPK pathway, activates three sequential kinases to regulate cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. The canonical MAPK pathway starts with a mitogen or growth factor binding to an RTK. The activated RTKs stimulate Ras, which recruits Raf or MAP3 Kinase (MAPKKK), the first kinase of the MAPK signaling cascade. Raf further phosphorylates and activates MEK or MAP2 Kinases (MAPKK), which in turn phosphorylates MAP...
Small GTPases - Ras and Rho01:24

Small GTPases - Ras and Rho

Ras and Rho are small monomeric GTPases that act downstream of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and regulate various cellular processes. These GTPases switch between active and inactive states by binding to guanine nucleotides.
Three regulatory proteins control their activity:
The Ras Gene02:38

The Ras Gene

The Ras-gene-encoded proteins are regulators of signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, or cell survival. The Ras-gene family in humans constitutes three primary members—the HRas, NRas, and KRas. These genes code for four functionally distinct yet closely related proteins—the HRas, NRas, KRas4A, and KRas4B. The involvement of mutant Ras genes in human cancer was first discovered in 1982 and is among the most common causes of human tumorigenesis.
Ras is a superfamily...
Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions01:17

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions

Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
Some...

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Related Experiment Video

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A High Resolution Method to Monitor Phosphorylation-dependent Activation of IRF3
11:44

A High Resolution Method to Monitor Phosphorylation-dependent Activation of IRF3

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Interferon-β signaling contributes to Ras transformation.

Yu-Chen Tsai1, Sidney Pestka, Lu-Hai Wang

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America.

Plos One
|September 8, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Type I interferon (IFN) signaling is activated in tumors due to elevated IFN-β. This IFN-β contributes to Ras-driven cancer development, highlighting the role of oncogene-induced cytokines in tumorigenesis.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Type I interferon (IFN) signaling is increasingly observed in tumors.
  • The molecular mechanisms driving this activation and its role in cancer development are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular basis of type I interferon signaling activation in tumors.
  • To determine the role of IFN-β in oncogene-induced transformation, specifically Ras-driven transformation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of type I interferon signaling in tumor cells.
  • Investigating the effect of oncogenes (Ras, Src) on IFN-β signaling.
  • Assessing the contribution of elevated IFN-β signaling to the transformation of Ras-transformed mammary epithelial cells (MCF-10A).

Main Results:

  • Elevated secretion of type I interferon, IFN-β, is the primary cause of activated type I IFN signaling in tumor cells.
  • Oncogenes like Ras and Src can activate IFN-β signaling.
  • Increased IFN-β signaling in Ras-transformed MCF-10A cells promoted morphological changes, anchorage-independent growth, and migration.

Conclusions:

  • Type I interferon IFN-β contributes to Ras-driven transformation.
  • Oncogene-induced cytokines play a significant role in oncogene-induced transformation.
  • These findings provide new insights into the interplay between interferon signaling and cancer development.