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Gas Solubility

Gas Solubility

Gas solubility in liquids forms liquid-gas solutions, such as soft drinks, where carbon dioxide is dissolved in water, and the ocean, where the solubility of oxygen and carbon dioxide supports marine life. The ability of oceans to dissolve gases impacts weather conditions in the troposphere.However, gas-liquid interactions vary. For instance, hydrogen chloride gas is highly soluble in water, while oxygen's solubility is much lower. Because these solutions are non-ideal, Raoult’s law, which...

Physical Properties Affecting Solubility

Physical Properties Affecting Solubility

Solutions of Gases in Liquids
As for any solution, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is affected by the attractive intermolecular forces between solute and solvent species. Unlike solid and liquid solutes, however, there is no solute-solute intermolecular attraction to overcome when a gaseous solute dissolves in a liquid solvent since the atoms or molecules comprising a gas are far separated and experience negligible interactions. Consequently, solute-solvent interactions are the sole...

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.

Common Ion Effect

Common Ion Effect

Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Châtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:

Carbon Dioxide Transport in the Blood

Carbon Dioxide Transport in the Blood

Carbon dioxide (CO2) transport in the blood is critical to human physiology. On average, our body cells produce around 200 mL of CO2 per minute, precisely the quantity expelled by the lungs. This process involves the transportation of CO2 from the tissue cells to the lungs in three primary forms.
Forms of CO2 Transport
1. Dissolved in plasma: A small percentage (7-10%) of CO2 is transported and dissolved directly in the plasma.
2. Carbaminohemoglobin: Just over 20% of CO2 is chemically bound to...

Phase Diagrams

Phase Diagrams

A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Development, Characterization, and Evaluation of CAGE-based Ionic Liquid Systems for Transdermal Delivery

Development, Characterization, and Evaluation of CAGE-based Ionic Liquid Systems for Transdermal Delivery

Published on: September 26, 2025

Carbon dioxide in ionic liquid microemulsions.

Jianling Zhang¹, Buxing Han, Jianshen Li

¹Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China. zhangjl@iccas.ac.cn

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)

|September 8, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created a novel carbon dioxide-in-ionic-liquid microemulsion. The micelle size is tunable by adjusting carbon dioxide pressure, offering applications in synthesis and extraction.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Chemical Engineering
Physical Chemistry

Background:

Microemulsions are thermodynamically stable systems of oil, water, and surfactant.
Ionic liquids are salts that are liquid at room temperature, offering unique solvent properties.
Carbon dioxide is a versatile solvent and gas that can be used in various chemical processes.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize a novel carbon dioxide-in-ionic-liquid microemulsion for the first time.
To investigate the tunability of micellar size in response to carbon dioxide pressure.
To explore potential applications of this tunable microemulsion.

Main Methods:

Formation of a microemulsion using carbon dioxide and an ionic liquid.
Characterization of micellar size and structure using pressure-dependent measurements.
Evaluation of the microemulsion's performance in potential applications.

Main Results:

Successful production of a carbon dioxide-in-ionic-liquid microemulsion.
Demonstration of tunable micellar size by altering carbon dioxide pressure.
Identification of potential applications in materials synthesis, chemical reactions, and extraction.

Conclusions:

The developed microemulsion offers a novel platform for tunable nanoscale systems.
The ability to control micellar size via CO(2) pressure opens new avenues for process design.
This technology holds promise for advanced applications in various chemical and material science fields.