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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management01:29

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management

Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
Pharmacologic...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction01:26

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction

Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic disorders marked by recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract due to an abnormal immune response against gut microflora. This leads to tissue damage. The two main forms are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.Crohn’s DiseaseCrohn’s disease is a relapsing inflammatory disorder that can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. It involves all layers of the bowel wall (transmural) and shows “skip lesions” in which...
Irritable Bowel Syndrome01:23

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

DefinitionIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by recurrent combinations of abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, or constipation.Pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndromeIts pathophysiology is multifactorial, involving disturbances in motility, sensory processing, microbial balance, barrier integrity, and gut–brain communication. These mechanisms interact to produce symptoms that vary across IBS subtypes.Altered Motility PatternsDisordered...
Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction01:17

Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is characterized by functional disturbances in the gastrointestinal system, presenting a cluster of symptoms without evident structural or biochemical abnormalities. It primarily affects the large intestine and may cause abdominal pain, bloating, excessive gas, diarrhea, constipation, or both.
IBS is a chronic condition that can persist over a long period or recur frequently.
The pathogenesis of IBS involves a complex interplay of the following factors:
Altered...

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Chronic Salmonella Infection Induced Intestinal Fibrosis
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Bacterial proteases in IBD and IBS.

Natalie Steck1, Kerstin Mueller, Michael Schemann

  • 1Biofunctionality, Technische Universität München, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 2, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.

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Proteases from the host and gut bacteria significantly impact gastrointestinal disorders like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This review explores their roles and signaling mechanisms in disease pathogenesis.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Microbiology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Proteases are crucial in physiological processes and disease.
  • Host-derived proteases (metalloproteinases, serine proteases, cathepsins) are implicated in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
  • The role of bacterial proteases in IBD and IBS pathogenesis has been historically underestimated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the significance of both host- and bacteria-derived proteases in IBD and IBS.
  • To highlight the signaling mechanisms involved in protease-mediated pathogenesis.
  • To underscore the contribution of the intestinal microbiota's proteolytic capacity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on proteases in gastrointestinal disorders.
  • Analysis of evidence implicating host and bacterial proteases in IBD and IBS.
  • Examination of molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways.

Main Results:

  • Host proteases are well-established contributors to IBD and IBS.
  • Increasing evidence points to pathogenic bacterial proteases in disease.
  • Proteases from commensal bacteria may also influence disease susceptibility.

Conclusions:

  • Both host and bacterial proteases are relevant to IBD and IBS pathogenesis.
  • The intestinal microbiota's proteolytic activity is a significant factor.
  • Further research into bacterial proteases is warranted for understanding and treating these conditions.