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Related Concept Videos

Chickenpox01:20

Chickenpox

Chickenpox is an acute, highly contagious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), a double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Herpesviridae family. Its transmission occurs primarily through the inhalation of respiratory droplets or direct contact with vesicular fluid from skin lesions. The incubation period typically ranges from 10 to 21 days, during which the virus replicates and disseminates through sequential phases within the host. Although generally self-limiting in children,...
Smallpox01:24

Smallpox

Smallpox is a severe contagious disease caused by the Variola major virus, a double-stranded DNA member of the Poxviridae family.Variola major transmission occurs primarily via inhalation of virus-laden droplets or direct contact with infectious scabs. The incubation period averages approximately seven days, although it may range from 7 to 17 days depending on the inoculum and host factors.Clinically, the prodromal phase is marked by an abrupt onset of high fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia.
Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets01:17

Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets

Transmission-based precautions are for patients known to be infected or suspected to be infected or colonized with organisms that pose a significant risk to others. Some transmission-based precautions include contact, enteric, and droplet.
Contact Precautions:
Contact precautions are the measures taken to prevent the transmission of infectious agents, especially epidemiologically important microorganisms such as MRSA or influenza, primarily transmitted through direct or indirect contact with an...
Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment01:25

Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment

Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
Rabies01:28

Rabies

Rabies is a lethal zoonotic disease caused by a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus of the Lyssavirus genus, within the family Rhabdoviridae. Its primary mode of transmission to humans is through bites or saliva-contaminated scratches from infected mammals such as dogs, bats, raccoons, or foxes. Transmission can also occur if infectious saliva contacts abraded skin or intact mucous membranes, including the conjunctiva.Viral Entry and Early ReplicationOnce introduced at the bite or scratch...
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

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Development of an IFN-γ ELISpot Assay to Assess Varicella-Zoster Virus-specific Cell-mediated Immunity Following Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation
08:04

Development of an IFN-γ ELISpot Assay to Assess Varicella-Zoster Virus-specific Cell-mediated Immunity Following Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation

Published on: July 9, 2014

[Post-exposure varicella prophylaxis].

Jeanette Schultz Johansen1, Tone Westergren, Egil Lingaas

  • 1Avdeling for smittevern, Oslo universitetssykehus, Rikshospitalet, Norway. jeajoh@ous-hf.no

Tidsskrift for Den Norske Laegeforening : Tidsskrift for Praktisk Medicin, Ny Raekke
|September 9, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Post-exposure prophylaxis for varicella-zoster virus (VZV) exposure is recommended for at-risk patients. Varicella-zoster immunoglobulin (VZIG) is effective if given early, while acyclovir or valacyclovir may be alternatives.

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Simultaneous Quantification of Anti-vector and Anti-transgene-Specific CD8+ T Cells Via MHC I Tetramer Staining After Vaccination with a Viral Vector
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Simultaneous Quantification of Anti-vector and Anti-transgene-Specific CD8+ T Cells Via MHC I Tetramer Staining After Vaccination with a Viral Vector

Published on: November 28, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Varicella (chickenpox) can lead to severe or fatal outcomes, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.
  • Specific patient groups may require prophylaxis following exposure to the varicella-zoster virus (VZV).
  • This review examines the evidence supporting prophylactic measures after VZV exposure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evidence for the effectiveness of post-exposure prophylaxis for varicella-zoster virus (VZV).
  • To evaluate prophylactic measures for patients exposed to VZV, focusing on disease prevention and severity reduction.

Main Methods:

  • A non-systematic literature search was conducted using databases such as Medline, Cochrane Library, UpToDate, and Clinical Evidence.
  • The review synthesized existing evidence on post-exposure varicella prophylaxis.

Main Results:

  • Evidence for post-exposure varicella prophylaxis reducing disease rate and severity is limited.
  • Varicella-zoster immunoglobulin (VZIG) administered within 72-96 hours of exposure may reduce the risk of severe disease.
  • Prophylactic acyclovir showed benefits in small studies of healthy children, though study designs were limited.
  • Post-exposure vaccination demonstrated a reduction in varicella incidence and severity in healthy children.

Conclusions:

  • Acyclovir or valacyclovir can be considered for post-exposure varicella prophylaxis in at-risk patients.
  • These antiviral agents are suitable alternatives when the optimal window for VZIG administration has passed.