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Related Concept Videos

Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly01:19

Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly

As part of their replication cycle, certain viruses synthesize long precursor proteins called polyproteins within infected host cells. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), two major polyproteins are produced: Gag and Gag-Pol. The Gag polyprotein supplies the structural components of the virus, while Gag-Pol includes essential viral enzymes such as reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease. After synthesis, these polyproteins move to the host cell membrane, where they assemble into an...
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
Protein Complex Assembly02:41

Protein Complex Assembly

Proteins can form homomeric complexes with another unit of the same protein or heteromeric complexes with different types.  Most protein complexes self-assemble spontaneously via ordered pathways, while some proteins need assembly factors that guide their proper assembly. Despite the crowded intracellular environment, proteins usually interact with their correct partners and form functional complexes.
Many viruses self-assemble into a fully functional unit using the infected host cell to...
Inhibitors Of Virion Release01:25

Inhibitors Of Virion Release

Viral replication and dissemination rely on efficient mechanisms for host cell entry, genome replication, assembly, and release. Influenza viruses, such as types A and B, are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome, that depend on two critical surface glycoproteins to carry out these processes: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA initiates infection by binding to sialic acid residues on the surface of host epithelial cells, facilitating receptor-mediated...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

In vitro Uncoating of HIV-1 Cores
10:49

In vitro Uncoating of HIV-1 Cores

Published on: November 8, 2011

Targeting human immunodeficiency virus type 1 assembly, maturation and budding.

Johanna Wapling1, Seema Srivastava, Miranda Shehu-Xhilaga

  • 1Molecular Interactions Group, Macfarlane Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia.

Drug Target Insights
|September 9, 2011
PubMed
Summary

New HIV-1 therapies target later stages of viral replication, including polyprotein synthesis, assembly, and budding. This approach aims to overcome drug resistance and toxicity associated with current treatments.

Keywords:
HIV-1antiretroviral drugsassemblybuddingdrug targetsmaturationprotease dimerizationreverse transcriptase dimerization

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 29, 2026

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Published on: November 8, 2011

Imaging of HIV-1 Envelope-induced Virological Synapse and Signaling on Synthetic Lipid Bilayers
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Published on: March 8, 2012

Measurement of In Vitro Integration Activity of HIV-1 Preintegration Complexes
10:34

Measurement of In Vitro Integration Activity of HIV-1 Preintegration Complexes

Published on: February 22, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Drug Discovery
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Current human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) treatments target viral reverse transcriptase (RT), protease (PR), and gp41 transmembrane protein (TM).
  • Emergence of drug-resistant strains and drug toxicity necessitate novel therapeutic strategies and drug targets.
  • Understanding HIV-1's life cycle and host cell interactions reveals new avenues for blocking viral replication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review novel inhibitors targeting late stages of HIV-1 replication.
  • To discuss new approaches for blocking viral enzyme oligomerization and viral-host protein interactions.
  • To evaluate the feasibility of these novel targets for drug development.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on HIV-1 replication inhibitors.
  • Analysis of studies focusing on late-stage viral processes (polyprotein synthesis, trafficking, assembly, maturation, budding).
  • Evaluation of emerging therapeutic strategies targeting viral enzyme oligomerization and host-pathogen interactions.

Main Results:

  • Inhibitors targeting late-stage replication offer potential for new HIV-1 therapies.
  • Blocking viral enzyme oligomerization and viral-host factor interactions presents viable drug targets.
  • Novel strategies show promise in overcoming limitations of current HIV-1 treatments.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting late-stage HIV-1 replication is a promising strategy for developing new antiviral agents.
  • Novel targets, including protein-protein interactions, expand the therapeutic landscape for HIV-1 treatment.
  • Further research into these novel targets could lead to more effective and safer HIV-1 therapies.