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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus01:25

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
Rectal Inspection
Begin by inspecting the perianal and anal areas for color, texture, rashes,...
Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction01:26

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction

Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic disorders marked by recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract due to an abnormal immune response against gut microflora. This leads to tissue damage. The two main forms are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.Crohn’s DiseaseCrohn’s disease is a relapsing inflammatory disorder that can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. It involves all layers of the bowel wall (transmural) and shows “skip lesions” in which...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

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Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing, relapsing inflammation of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible damage to the gland. It results in progressive destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma, fibrosis, and eventual loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. The disease may evolve gradually after multiple episodes of acute pancreatitis or develop independently.EtiologyChronic pancreatitis can arise from a variety of causes:Alcohol use is the leading cause, accounting for 70–80% of...
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
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Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...

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Updated: May 29, 2026

Povidone Iodine Rectal Preparation at Time of Prostate Needle Biopsy is a Simple and Reproducible Means to Reduce Risk of Procedural Infection
05:32

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Chronic rectal bleeding in Proteus syndrome.

S L Siow1, N K Sim

  • 1Department of Surgery, Sarawak General Hospital, Jalan Hospital, 93586 Kuching, Sawarak, Malaysia. szeli18@yahoo.com

The Medical Journal of Malaysia
|September 10, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Proteus syndrome, a rare disorder causing overgrowth and vascular issues, can lead to complications like anemia from rectal bleeding. This case highlights rectal vascular malformations as a cause of bleeding in Proteus syndrome.

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Last Updated: May 29, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Genetics
  • Vascular Biology
  • Rare Diseases

Background:

  • Proteus syndrome is a rare congenital disorder characterized by hamartomatous overgrowth, vascular malformations, and adipose tissue dysregulation.
  • Affected tissues can include limbs or any other body part, with vascular anomalies appearing unpredictably.
  • Accurate diagnosis of Proteus syndrome is challenging, often resulting in misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment.

Observation:

  • A 17-year-old female presented with symptomatic anemia.
  • The anemia was attributed to chronic rectal bleeding.
  • Computed Tomography Angiogram revealed rectal vascular malformations.

Findings:

  • The patient was diagnosed with Proteus syndrome.
  • Rectal vascular malformations were identified as the source of chronic bleeding.
  • The findings link Proteus syndrome to gastrointestinal vascular anomalies.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of considering Proteus syndrome in patients with unexplained bleeding, even from unusual sites.
  • Enhanced diagnostic imaging may be crucial for identifying the source of bleeding in complex cases.
  • Further research into the spectrum of vascular manifestations in Proteus syndrome is warranted.