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Related Concept Videos

Motion Of A Charged Particle In A Magnetic Field01:22

Motion Of A Charged Particle In A Magnetic Field

A charged particle experiences a force when moving through a magnetic field. Consider the field to be uniform and the charged particle to move perpendicular to it. If the field is in a vacuum, the magnetic field is the dominant factor determining the motion. Since the magnetic force is perpendicular to the direction of motion, a charged particle follows a curved path. The particle continues to follow this curved path until it forms a complete circle. Another way to look at this is that the...
Plane Electromagnetic Waves I01:30

Plane Electromagnetic Waves I

The existence of combined electric and magnetic fields that propagate through space as electromagnetic (EM) waves is the most significant prediction of Maxwell's equations. As Maxwell's equations hold in free space, the predicted electromagnetic waves do not require a medium for their propagation. An EM wave comprises an electric field, defined as the force per charge on a stationary charge, and a magnetic field, which is the force per charge on a moving charge.
The EM field is assumed to be a...
Transmission Electron Microscopy01:15

Transmission Electron Microscopy

In 1931, physicist Ernst Ruska—building on the idea that magnetic fields can direct an electron beam just as lenses can direct a beam of light in an optical microscope—developed the first prototype of the electron microscope. This development led to the development of the field of electron microscopy. In the transmission electron microscope (TEM), electrons are produced by a hot tungsten element and accelerated by a potential difference in an electron gun, which gives them up to 400 keV in...
Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges01:23

Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges

A stationary charge creates and interacts with the electric field, while a moving charge creates a magnetic field.
Consider a point charge moving with a constant velocity. Like the electric field, the magnetic field at any point is directly proportional to the magnitude of the charge and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the source point and the field point. However, unlike the electric field, the magnetic field is always perpendicular to the plane containing the line...
Magnetic Fields01:27

Magnetic Fields

A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
A magnetic field is defined by the force that a charged particle experiences...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis. This...

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Hyperpolarized Xenon for NMR and MRI Applications
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Hyperpolarized Xenon for NMR and MRI Applications

Published on: September 6, 2012

Magnetically guided fast electrons in cylindrically compressed matter.

F Pérez1, A Debayle, J Honrubia

  • 1LULI, École Polytechnique, CNRS, CEA, UPMC, Palaiseau, France. frederic.perez@polytechnique.edu

Physical Review Letters
|September 10, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Researchers observed that magnetic fields guide fast electrons in laser-compressed plastic cylinders, a key step for fast ignition fusion energy. This magnetic collimation was experimentally confirmed in laser-driven matter.

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Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation
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Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation

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Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation
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Direct Imaging of Laser-driven Ultrafast Molecular Rotation

Published on: February 4, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Plasma Physics
  • Laser-driven Fusion
  • High-energy-density physics

Background:

  • Fast ignition is a promising approach for inertial confinement fusion.
  • Understanding fast electron transport is crucial for efficient energy coupling in laser-driven fusion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally and numerically investigate fast electron beam generation and transport in laser-compressed plastic cylinders.
  • To provide evidence for magnetic field effects on electron beam collimation in this context.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a 10 ps, 160 J laser pulse interacting with laser-compressed plastic cylinders.
  • Analyzing K(α)-emission images to characterize the electron beam.
  • Employing a numerical transport model including resistivity gradients and induced magnetic fields.

Main Results:

  • Observed electron beams that were either collimated or scattered, dependent on initial density and compression timing.
  • Numerical simulations showed that implosion-driven electrical resistivity gradients induce strong magnetic fields.
  • These magnetic fields were found to effectively guide the fast electrons.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides the first experimental evidence of fast-electron magnetic collimation in laser-compressed matter.
  • Magnetic field generation and guidance are significant factors in fast electron transport for fast ignition schemes.
  • The findings support the viability of using laser-compressed targets for controlled fusion.