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Related Concept Videos

Bone Cells and Tissue01:30

Bone Cells and Tissue

Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
Osteoblasts and Osteocytes
The osteoblast is the bone cell responsible for forming new bone tissue. It is found in the growing portions of bone, including the periosteum and...
Hematopoiesis01:21

Hematopoiesis

The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...
Bone Remodeling and Repair01:31

Bone Remodeling and Repair

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Bone as Supporting Connective Tissue01:23

Bone as Supporting Connective Tissue

Bone tissue forms the internal skeleton of vertebrate animals, providing structure to the body.
Bone Matrix
Bone, or osseous tissue, is a connective tissue that has a large amount of two different types of matrix material. The organic matrix is similar to the matrix material found in other connective tissues, including some amount of collagen and elastic fibers. This gives strength and flexibility to the tissue. The inorganic matrix consists of mineral salts— mostly calcium salts— that give the...
Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration01:21

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration

Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
Types of Stem Cells used in Stem Cell Therapy
The two main cell types that...
Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their access...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Bioengineering of Humanized Bone Marrow Microenvironments in Mouse and Their Visualization by Live Imaging
10:03

Bioengineering of Humanized Bone Marrow Microenvironments in Mouse and Their Visualization by Live Imaging

Published on: August 1, 2017

Cell sources for bone tissue engineering: insights from basic science.

Céline Colnot1

  • 1INSERM U781, Tour Lavoisier 2ème étage, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France. celine.colnot@inserm.fr

Tissue Engineering. Part B, Reviews
|September 10, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This review explores cell sources and delivery methods for bone tissue engineering. It examines animal models and cell recruitment mechanisms to improve bone regeneration strategies.

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A Human Bone Marrow 3D Model to Investigate the Dynamics and Interactions Between Resident Cells in Physiological or Tumoral Contexts
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Integrated Bone Formation Through In Vivo Endochondral Ossification Using Mesenchymal Stem Cells
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Last Updated: May 29, 2026

Bioengineering of Humanized Bone Marrow Microenvironments in Mouse and Their Visualization by Live Imaging
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Bioengineering of Humanized Bone Marrow Microenvironments in Mouse and Their Visualization by Live Imaging

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A Human Bone Marrow 3D Model to Investigate the Dynamics and Interactions Between Resident Cells in Physiological or Tumoral Contexts
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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Bone tissue engineering aims to develop effective cell delivery systems for bone repair.
  • While biomaterials are crucial, the cell source significantly impacts bone regeneration outcomes.
  • Bone marrow is a common source, but alternatives like periosteum, fat, muscle, cord blood, and stem cells are under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review animal models for assessing cell-based bone repair strategies.
  • To explore endogenous cell recruitment mechanisms in bone repair.
  • To compare local versus systemic cell recruitment and its implications for bone tissue engineering.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on animal models for bone tissue engineering.
  • Analysis of mechanisms governing endogenous cell recruitment during bone healing.
  • Comparative study of local and systemic cell recruitment strategies.

Main Results:

  • In vitro differentiation potential of skeletal progenitors does not always predict in vivo performance.
  • Cell homing ability is critical for effective bone regeneration.
  • Understanding endogenous repair processes aids in selecting optimal cell sources and delivery methods.

Conclusions:

  • Animal models are essential for validating cell-based bone repair approaches.
  • Optimizing cell delivery and understanding recruitment are key to advancing bone tissue engineering.
  • Further research is needed to define the precise contribution of exogenous stem cells to bone repair.