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Control of Eating Behavior Using a Novel Feedback System

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Published on: May 8, 2018

Neuroimaging and obesity: current knowledge and future directions.

S Carnell¹, C Gibson, L Benson

¹New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center, Department of Medicine, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA. sc2902@columbia.edu

Obesity Reviews : an Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity

|September 10, 2011

Summary

Neuroimaging studies reveal brain irregularities in reward, emotion, and cognitive control regions in individuals with obesity. Understanding these neurological underpinnings is crucial for developing effective obesity treatments.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Obesity Research

Background:

Neuroimaging is increasingly used to understand the neurological basis of appetite and body weight.
Studies examine brain responses to food, dopamine function, and brain volume in lean versus obese individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify neurological irregularities associated with obesity.
To explore the distinct neural networks driving appetite and contributing to body weight.
To investigate the gut-brain interaction in obesity.

Main Methods:

Utilizing neuroimaging techniques like positron emission tomography (PET), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Examining responses to food intake and cues, dopamine function, and brain volume.
Investigating appetite-related hormones, genetic risk factors, and specific eating behaviors.

Main Results:

Identified irregularities in brain regions associated with reward, emotion, memory, homeostatic regulation, sensory-motor processing, and cognitive control.
Studies on weight change in children and adolescents, and those at high genetic risk, offer insights into causal processes.
Research on eating behaviors and hormones highlights distinct neural networks and gut-brain interactions.

Conclusions:

Neuroimaging reveals widespread brain alterations in obesity, particularly in reward and cognitive control circuits.
Understanding these neural underpinnings is key to developing targeted interventions for obesity.
The proposed dynamic distributed vulnerability model offers a framework for understanding eating behavior in obesity.