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Updated: May 29, 2026

Electromagnetic Source Imaging in Presurgical Evaluation of Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy
Published on: September 20, 2024
Hypertensive encephalopathy presenting as status epilepticus in a three year old
Erica F Sanford1, John C Stein
1Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.
Background:
Hypertensive encephalopathy is one of the few neurologic emergencies in which prompt diagnosis and treatment can prevent permanent neurological damage. This syndrome is rarely seen in children.
Objectives:
To discuss the recognition of hypertensive encephalopathy as a cause of acute neurological changes in children.
Case Report:
We present the case of a 3-year-old boy who presented to the Emergency Department with seizures due to hypertensive encephalopathy. A review of the literature on the subject follows the case report.
Conclusions:
Hypertensive encephalopathy is a rare cause of acute neurological changes in children that can cause permanent damage if not recognized early. This case illustrates the importance of considering this syndrome as a potential cause of neurological symptoms, especially as neuroimaging can initially be misleading.
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