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Pre-, intra-, and postoperative antibiotics.

D V Feliciano1, V Spjut-Patrinely

  • 1University of Rochester Medical Center, New York.

The Surgical Clinics of North America
|June 1, 1990
PubMed
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Antibiotic prophylaxis significantly reduces infectious complications after abdominal trauma surgery. A 12- to 48-hour course is effective, lowering intra-abdominal abscesses and wound infections in trauma centers.

Area of Science:

  • Trauma Surgery
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Abdominal trauma patients undergoing laparotomy face high risks of infectious complications.
  • Sources of infection include gastrointestinal tract perforation, penetrating injuries, and invasive devices.
  • Immunodepression due to injury severity further exacerbates infection risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in preventing infections after abdominal trauma.
  • To determine optimal antibiotic regimens and duration for reducing infectious complications.
  • To assess the impact of surgical techniques and adjunctive measures on infection rates.

Main Methods:

  • Review of antibiotic strategies, including specific drug classes (clindamycin, aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, penicillins).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of antibiotic administration duration (12-48 hours vs. longer).
  • Consideration of adjunctive surgical interventions like peritoneal irrigation.

    • Main Results:

    • Perioperative antibiotics (clindamycin/aminoglycoside, cephalosporin, or enhanced-spectrum penicillin) are beneficial.
    • A 12- to 48-hour antibiotic course is as effective as longer durations.
    • Severely injured patients may require higher antibiotic dosages.
    • Combined approach yields low rates: 4.4% intra-abdominal abscesses, 5.1% wound infections.

    Conclusions:

    • Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis is crucial for managing abdominal trauma.
    • Short-term antibiotic courses (12-48 hours) are effective in modern trauma centers.
    • Optimal surgical technique and early intervention complement antibiotic therapy.