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Related Concept Videos

Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna

The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side of the...
Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius01:09

Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius

The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a short...
Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity01:15

Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity

Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings01:11

Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings

When a rod is made of different materials or has various cross-sections, it must be divided into parts that meet the necessary conditions for determining the deformation. These parts are each characterized by their internal force, cross-sectional area, length, and modulus of elasticity. These parameters are then used to compute the deformation of the entire rod.
In the case of a member with a variable cross-section, the strain is not constant but depends on the position. The deformation of an...
Strain Energy01:13

Strain Energy

Strain energy is a fundamental concept in the field of materials science and structural engineering, describing the energy absorbed by a material or structure when it is deformed under load.
Consider a rod that is fixed at one end and subjected to an axial force at the free end. This axial force induces stress within the rod, leading to its elongation. As the axial force increases, so does the elongation of the rod, illustrating a direct relationship between the force applied and the resulting...
Normal Strain under Axial Loading01:20

Normal Strain under Axial Loading

Normal strain under axial loading is an important concept in the field of mechanics of materials. Axial loading implies the application of a force along the axis of a material, like a column or bar. This force can either compress or stretch the material. In the context of axial loading, normal strain is the deformation experienced by the material in the direction of the loading force. It's calculated as the change in length divided by the original length of the material. This unitless ratio...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Mouse Lumbar Vertebra Uniaxial Compression Testing with Embedding of the Loading Surface
07:52

Mouse Lumbar Vertebra Uniaxial Compression Testing with Embedding of the Loading Surface

Published on: December 1, 2023

Load/strain distribution between ulna and radius in the mouse forearm compression loading model.

Yunkai Lu1, Ganesh Thiagarajan, Daniel P Nicolella

  • 1Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64110, United States.

Medical Engineering & Physics
|September 10, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Including the radius in finite element analysis (FEA) models of mouse forearms increases estimated ulna strains, crucial for understanding bone cell responses to mechanical loading.

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Last Updated: May 29, 2026

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07:52

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Published on: December 1, 2023

Practical Considerations for the Design, Execution, and Interpretation of Studies Involving Whole-Bone Bending Tests of Rodent Bones
04:20

Practical Considerations for the Design, Execution, and Interpretation of Studies Involving Whole-Bone Bending Tests of Rodent Bones

Published on: September 1, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Skeletal Biology
  • Computational Modeling

Background:

  • Finite element analysis (FEA) is vital for understanding bone mechanics.
  • Previous models often simplified forearm analysis by excluding the radius.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare strain distributions in the ulna using two FEA models: one with the ulna only and another including both ulna and radius.
  • To assess the impact of radius inclusion on ulna strain predictions.

Main Methods:

  • Developed two 3D FEA models of the mouse forearm from microCT scans.
  • Investigated tetrahedral element types and mesh densities.
  • Applied distinct compression loads to simulate in vivo conditions.

Main Results:

  • The combined ulna-radius model predicted higher maximal strains in the ulna compared to the ulna-only model.
  • Strain distributions showed similarities, but magnitudes differed significantly.
  • FEA results were validated against experimental strain data.

Conclusions:

  • Including the radius in FEA models provides more accurate strain magnitude estimations for the ulna.
  • This improved accuracy is essential for future research on bone cell mechanotransduction thresholds.