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Using Brain Activation (nir-HEG/Q-EEG) and Execution Measures (CPTs) in a ADHD Assessment Protocol

Using Brain Activation (nir-HEG/Q-EEG) and Execution Measures (CPTs) in a ADHD Assessment Protocol

Published on: April 1, 2018

What causes attention deficit hyperactivity disorder?

Anita Thapar¹, Miriam Cooper, Rachel Jefferies

¹Department of Psychological Medicine and Neurology, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK. thapar@cf.ac.uk

Archives of Disease in Childhood

|September 10, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects 1-3% of children and is highly heritable. Genetic and environmental factors, including early adversity and low birth weight, contribute to ADHD risk and related neurodevelopmental outcomes.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Genetics
Child Psychiatry

Background:

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) impacts 1-3% of children globally.
High comorbidity exists between ADHD and other developmental, learning, and psychiatric disorders.
ADHD is significantly heritable, but its etiology involves both genetic and non-inherited factors.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advancements in understanding the risk factors influencing ADHD.
To explore the interplay of genetic and environmental influences on ADHD.
To examine the association of implicated risk factors with broader neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Main Methods:

Literature review of recent research on ADHD etiology.
Analysis of genetic studies implicating rare and common variants.
Examination of environmental risk factors, including birth weight and early adversity.

Main Results:

Both rare and common genetic variants are likely contributors to ADHD, influencing its presentation.
Environmental factors such as extreme low birth weight, prematurity, and early adversity are associated with ADHD phenotypes.
Identified genetic and environmental risk factors are linked to a spectrum of neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric outcomes, not solely ADHD.

Conclusions:

ADHD arises from a complex interaction of genetic predispositions and environmental influences.
Understanding these multifaceted risk factors is crucial for addressing ADHD and related conditions.
Future research should continue to explore the genetic architecture and environmental moderators of ADHD.