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Related Concept Videos

Pleiotropy01:33

Pleiotropy

Pleiotropy is the phenomenon in which a single gene impacts multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. For example, defects in the SOX10 gene cause Waardenburg Syndrome Type 4, or WS4, which can cause defects in pigmentation, hearing impairments, and an absence of intestinal contractions necessary for elimination. This diversity of phenotypes results from the expression pattern of SOX10 in early embryonic and fetal development. SOX10 is found in neural crest cells that form melanocytes,...
Polygenic Traits01:18

Polygenic Traits

When more than one gene is responsible for a given phenotype, the trait is considered polygenic. Human height is a polygenic trait. Studies have uncovered hundreds of loci that influence height, and there are believed to be many more. Due to the high number of genes involved, as well as environmental and nutritional factors, height varies significantly within a given population. The distribution of height forms a bell-shaped curve, with relatively few individuals in the population at the...
Polygenic Traits01:18

Polygenic Traits

When more than one gene is responsible for a given phenotype, the trait is considered polygenic. Human height is a polygenic trait. Studies have uncovered hundreds of loci that influence height, and there are believed to be many more. Due to the high number of genes involved, as well as environmental and nutritional factors, height varies significantly within a given population. The distribution of height forms a bell-shaped curve, with relatively few individuals in the population at the...
Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
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Epistasis Analysis

Although Mendel chose seven unrelated traits in peas to study gene segregation, most traits involve multiple gene interactions that create a spectrum of phenotypes. When the interaction of various genes or alleles at different locations influences a phenotype, this is called epistasis. Epistasis often involves one gene masking or interfering with the expression of another (antagonistic epistasis). Epistasis often occurs when different genes are part of the same biochemical pathway. The...
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In addition to multiple alleles at the same locus influencing traits, numerous genes or alleles at different locations may interact and influence phenotypes in a phenomenon called epistasis. For example, rabbit fur can be black or brown depending on whether the animal is homozygous dominant or heterozygous at a TYRP1 locus. However, if the rabbit is also homozygous recessive at a locus on the tyrosinase gene (TYR), it will have an unshaded coat that appears white, regardless of its TYRP1...

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A Suppressor Screen for the Characterization of Genetic Links Regulating Chronological Lifespan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
10:39

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Published on: September 17, 2020

A gene for an extended phenotype.

Kelli Hoover1, Michael Grove, Matthew Gardner

  • 1Department of Entomology and Center for Chemical Ecology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. kxh25@psu.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 10, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Parasites can alter host behavior, like gypsy moths climbing trees to die and spread a baculovirus. Researchers identified the specific viral gene responsible for this manipulated climbing behavior.

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral ecology
  • Virology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Host behavior manipulation by parasites is common but poorly understood.
  • Gypsy moths infected with a baculovirus exhibit altered behavior, climbing trees before death.
  • This behavior facilitates viral transmission to new hosts via 'viral rain'.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the genetic basis of baculovirus-induced host behavior manipulation.
  • To understand the mechanism by which the virus controls gypsy moth climbing behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic analysis of baculovirus-infected gypsy moths.
  • Identification of specific viral genes associated with behavioral changes.

Main Results:

  • A specific viral gene was identified as responsible for manipulating gypsy moth climbing behavior.
  • This finding provides direct evidence for a genetic basis of the extended phenotype.

Conclusions:

  • The study elucidates the genetic underpinnings of parasite-induced behavioral manipulation.
  • This research offers a molecular explanation for the extended phenotype in host-parasite interactions.