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Related Concept Videos

Teeth01:15

Teeth

The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin and...
Tongue01:01

Tongue

The human tongue is a fascinating and complex organ, responsible for various essential functions such as swallowing, speech, and taste. It is also subject to various conditions and diseases. In this article, we delve into the anatomy of the tongue, its roles, and some common conditions that can affect it.
Anatomical Position in the Oral Cavity
The tongue is located within the oral cavity, also known as the mouth. It is attached to the floor of the mouth by a fold of mucous membrane called the...
Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Introduction01:23

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Introduction

Oral drug delivery is the most common route of administration due to its convenience, cost-effectiveness, and high patient compliance. It enables precise formulation to ensure proper drug dosage and bioavailability. The development of oral dosage forms considers drug properties such as solubility, stability, and absorption to optimize therapeutic efficacy.Tablets, capsules, liquids, and chewable formulations enhance drug stability, mask undesirable tastes, and improve patient experience.
Assessment of the Mouth01:26

Assessment of the Mouth

A thorough mouth assessment, including inspection and palpation of the lips, gums, tongue, tonsils, uvula, and pharynx, is crucial in detecting potential health issues. Diseases ranging from oral cancer to systemic conditions like diabetes could be identified early through careful oral examination. This article provides a detailed guide on conducting a comprehensive mouth assessment.
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The inspection begins with visually examining the mouth for symmetry, color, and size.
Tooth Anatomy01:21

Tooth Anatomy

The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or grinding food.
Overview of the Axial Skeleton01:09

Overview of the Axial Skeleton

The skeleton is subdivided into two major divisions—the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton forms the vertical, central axis of the body. It includes all of the bones of the head, neck, chest, and back. It protects the brain, spinal cord, heart, and lungs. It also serves as the attachment site for muscles that move the head, neck, and back and for muscles that act across the shoulder and hip joints to move their corresponding limbs.
The axial skeleton of the adult...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 29, 2026

Measuring Maxillary Posterior Tooth Movement: A Model Assessment using Palatal and Dental Superimposition
07:32

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Published on: February 23, 2024

Lingual orthodontics: an overview.

Parmjit Singh1, Shirley Cox

  • 1Ipswich Hospital NHS Trust.

Dental Update
|September 13, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Lingual orthodontics offers aesthetic treatment by bonding braces to the back of teeth. This overview details the 30-year development of lingual appliances, including their pros, cons, and patient suitability.

Area of Science:

  • Orthodontics
  • Dental Materials Science
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Adults increasingly seek orthodontic treatment, driving demand for aesthetic options.
  • Lingual appliances, bonded to the lingual surfaces of teeth, represent the most aesthetic orthodontic approach.
  • Significant advancements over 30 years have addressed initial challenges with lingual appliance technology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the development of lingual orthodontic appliances.
  • To discuss the evolution of lingual appliance systems from their inception to current iterations.
  • To analyze the indications, contraindications, advantages, and disadvantages of lingual orthodontics.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of lingual appliance development over the past 30 years.

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  • Analysis of current lingual appliance systems.
  • Discussion of clinical considerations including patient selection, benefits, and drawbacks.

    • Main Results:

    • Lingual appliance technology has matured significantly, overcoming initial design and application hurdles.
    • Current lingual systems offer viable aesthetic orthodontic solutions.
    • Careful patient selection is crucial for successful lingual orthodontic treatment.

    Conclusions:

    • Patients are increasingly inquiring about lingual appliances with dental professionals.
    • Lingual orthodontics presents a highly aesthetic alternative for suitable patients.
    • Understanding the historical development and clinical aspects is key to offering this treatment modality.