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Related Concept Videos

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems01:23

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems

Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...
Hand hygiene01:23

Hand hygiene

Asepsis is the practice of preventing or breaking the chain of infection. The nurse employs aseptic techniques to prevent the spread of microorganisms and reduce the risk of diseases. Hand hygiene is the cornerstone of aseptic techniques and is classified into medical and surgical asepsis. Medical asepsis includes hand hygiene and the use of gloves. Surgical asepsis, or the sterile technique, refers to practices that render and keep objects and areas free of microorganisms.
Hand washing...
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Stability-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence01:22

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Stability-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

Generic intravenous (IV) drugs are considered bioequivalent to their branded counterparts due to their 100% bioavailability upon administration. However, variations in stability among different drug products can significantly influence their therapeutic performance, even if they are pharmaceutically equivalent.Cefuroxime, a prophylactic antimicrobial, is often used as a single-dose IV injection for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. A 3 g dose typically provides...

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Synthesis of Soft Polysiloxane-urea Elastomers for Intraocular Lens Application
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Ophthalmic preservatives: focus on polyquaternium-1.

Maurizio Rolando1, Julie Y Crider, Malik Y Kahook

  • 1University of Genova, Dept Neuroscience Ophthal, Genova, Italy.

Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery
|September 13, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Polyquaternium-1 (PQ-1) is an effective ophthalmic preservative for multi-dose eye drops, offering a viable alternative to benzalkonium chloride (BAK) with a favorable safety profile for enhanced patient adherence.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pharmaceutics
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Ophthalmic preservatives are essential for preventing microbial contamination in multi-dose eye drops.
  • Polyquaternium-1 (PQ-1) and benzalkonium chloride (BAK) are key antimicrobial agents used in ophthalmic formulations.
  • Preservatives must balance high antimicrobial efficacy with good tolerability and safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the ophthalmic preservative polyquaternium-1 (PQ-1).
  • To compare PQ-1 with the widely used preservative benzalkonium chloride (BAK).
  • To assess data on PQ-1 efficacy and safety over the past decade.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on PQ-1.
  • Comparative analysis of PQ-1 and BAK.
  • Examination of data from the last 10 years.

Main Results:

  • PQ-1 demonstrates efficacy in inhibiting microbial growth in ophthalmic solutions.
  • Data suggests PQ-1 offers a favorable tolerability profile compared to BAK.
  • Effective drug delivery necessitates consideration of preservatives for stability and patient adherence.

Conclusions:

  • Preservatives like PQ-1 are crucial for maintaining the safety and efficacy of topical ophthalmic medications.
  • Minimizing adverse effects from preservatives can enhance patient adherence to treatment.
  • PQ-1 presents a viable alternative to BAK in ophthalmic formulations, particularly for patients with chronic ocular conditions.